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Bridging Social Sciences - Test 2
Test 2
32
Other
Undergraduate 1
06/05/2012

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Term
What is the definition of deviance?
Definition
non-conformity to a given set of norms accepted by a significant number of people in a given community
Term
What is the definition of crime?
Definition
any action that contravenes the laws established by a political authority
Term
What is Labelling Theory?
Definition
criminals are not born, they are labelled as such by society (those in power) if they do not fit into a 'model' of what is acceptable (abiding by law).
Term
What is the definition of geography?
Definition
Human geographers study people and places. The field of human geography focuses on how people make places, how we organise space and society, how we interact with each other in places and across space, and how we make sense of others and ourselves in our locality, region and world.
Term
What is the concept of space?
Definition
“physical extent or area; extent in two or three dimensions; continuous, unbounded, or unlimited extent in every direction”
Term
What is the concept of place?
Definition
a particular part or region of space; a physical locality, a locale; a spot, a location; the amount or quantity of space actually occupied by a person or thing
Term
What is distance decay?
Definition
Everything related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things
Term
What is the definition of ethics?
Definition
branch of philosophy concerned with moral principles and values, with what ought to be the case and how people ought to live their lives.
Term
What are metaethics?
Definition
Where our ethical principles come from (society? Individual emotions?)
Term
What are normative ethics?
Definition
investigates moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct
Term
What are applied ethics?
Definition
involves examining specific controversial issues e.g. abortion, infanticide.
Term
What is personal benefit?
Definition
the extent to which an action produces beneficial consequences for the individual in question
Term
What is social benefit?
Definition
the extent to which an action produces beneficial consequences for society
Term
What is benevolence?
Definition
help those in need
Term
What is paternalism?
Definition
assist others in pursuing their best interests when they cannot do so themselves
Term
What is harm (non-malevolence)?
Definition
Do not harm others
Term
What is autonomy?
Definition
acknowledge a person’s freedom over his/her actions or physical body.
Term
What is justice?
Definition
a person’s right to due process, fair compensation for harm done, and fair distribution of benefits.
Term
What is rights?
Definition
a person’s rights to life, information, privacy, free expression, and safety (Fieser,2009)
Term
What is honesty?
Definition
Do not deceive others
Term
What is lawfulness?
Definition
Do not violate the law
Term
What is the research perspective for Gender Studies and why?
Definition
Critical - women undermined by men - patriarchy
Term
What is the definition of gender studies?
Definition
the study of women's status in society, the nature of contemporary gender relations, and the social construction of femininity and masculinity.
Term
What is sex vs. gender?
Definition
we are born with a biological sex but without a social gender
Term
What is the research perspective of labour studies?
Definition
Critical - workers undermined by employers - capitalism
Term
What is the definition of labour studies?
Definition
discipline which critically studies the world of work and employment, and the social, economic and political environment in which they take place from the worker’s perspective
Term
What is a union?
Definition
an organisation of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas, such as wages and working conditions
Term
What is the purpose of unions?
Definition
promote workers rights, negotiate with employers
Term
What is casual labour?
Definition
workers employed on casual contracts where their work is irregular and the hours change from week to week
Term
What are the conditions for casual workers?
Definition
less job and income security, young people, not necessarily protected by law
Term
What is sweatshop labour?
Definition
workplaces (usually factories) where the workers are employed in dangerous or oppressive conditions with little pay or opportunity to address their situation
Term
What are the conditions in sweatshops?
Definition
Low wages, long work hours, unsafe environment, abuse, stress.
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