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| administrative principles |
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Definition
| a closed system's management perspective that focuses on the total organization from the insights of practioners |
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| bureaucratic organizations |
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| an organization design that emphasizes management on an impersonal, rational basis through elements such as clearly defined authority and responsibility, formal record keeping, and uniform application of standard rules |
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| a plan to guide an organizational change |
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| a scientific theory that suggests that relationships in complex, adaptive systems are made up of numerous interconnections that create unintended effects and render the environment unpredictable |
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| a system that is autonomous, enclosed, and not dependent on its environment |
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| traits that characterize the whole organization,including its size, technology, environment, and goals |
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| a theory meaning one thing depends on other things; the organization's situation dictates the correct management approach |
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| the degree to which an organization achieves its goals |
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| the amount of resources used to produce a unit of output |
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| a series of experiments on worker productivity begun in 1924 at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company in Illinois; attributed employees' increased output to managers' better treatment of them during the study |
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| an organization in which everyone is engaged in identifying and solving problems, enabling the organization to continuously experiment, improve, and increase its capability |
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| in systems theory, the subsystem on which the primary focus is placed; four levels normally characterize organizations |
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| a new approach to organization studies that integrates both micro and macro levels of analysis |
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| a system must interact with the environment to survive |
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| a macro approach to organizations that analyzes the whole organization as a unit |
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| a micro approach to organizations that focuses on the individuals within organizations as the relevant units for analysis |
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| a part in a dynamic social system that allows an employee to use his or her discretion and ability to achieve outcomes and meet goals |
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| a classical approach that claims decisions about organization and job design should be based on precise, scientific procedures |
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| any group within or outside an organization that has a stake in the organization's performance |
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| also called the constituency approach, this perspective assesses the satisfaction of stakeholders as an indicator of the organization's performance |
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| descriptions of the internal characteristics of an organization |
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| divisions of an organization that perform specific functions for the organization's survival; organizational subsystems perform the essential functions of boundary spanning, production, maintenance, adaptation, and management |
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| a set of interacting elements that acquires inputs from the environment, transforms them, and discharges outputs to the external environment |
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| a narrowly defined piece of work assigned to a person |
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