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CAM Quiz 1
Opthamology, ENT, Traveler's Diseases
89
Other
Graduate
01/30/2009

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Term
Blepharitis
Definition
--Inflammation of the eyelids. Divided into anterior and posterior blepharitis, the latter also known as meibomian gland disease.
--Blepharitis affects the skin of the eyelids, and it usually involves the part of the eyelid where the eyelashes grow (lid margins). Commonly, blepharitis occurs when tiny oil glands located near the base of the eyelashes malfunction. When these oil glands malfunction, bacterial overgrowth can result, leading to inflamed, irritated and itchy eyelids
Term
Xanthalasma
Definition
Funny looking deposits in the lid (are an indicator of cholesterol deposits)
Term
Dacryocystitis
Definition
Is an infection of the lacrimal sac. It usually results from blockage of the nasolacrimal duct that carries tears from the tear sac to the nose. The blocked duct harbors bacteria and becomes infected.
Term
Dacryoadenitis
Definition
Inflammation of the lacrimal gland
Term
Preseptal Cellulitis
Definition
--An infection in front of the orbital septum
--Usually comes from a sinus infection
Term
Ectropion
Definition
The eyelid is turned outward
Term
Entropion
Definition
The eyelid is turned inward (toward the eyeball)
Term
Trichiasis
Definition
Where the eyelashes turn in and cause irritation,(eyelid is in normal position)
Term
Chalazion
Definition
Problem with the Meibomian glands: when the oily substance becomes too pasty & it can’t get out instigating a noninfectious inflammatory reaction
Term
Hordeolum
Definition
Also known as a stye. It is an acute focal infection involving either the glands of Zeis or, less frequently, the meibomian glands
Term
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Definition
--A reactivation of the chicken pox virus.
--Always sores will be on one side of face.
--Worry is that this can get into the eye itself.
Term
Sub Conjunctival Hemorrhage
Definition
--Nothing more than a bruise.
--One of the conjunctiva vessels has broken and bled & will go away with time
--The person is typically on aspirin or coumadin
Term
Pterygium
Definition
Is a raised, wedge-shaped growth of the conjunctiva up to (& possibly over) the cornea. It is most common among those who live in tropical climates or spend a lot of time in the sun.
Term
Conjunctivitis
Definition
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pinkeye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. Very contagious (can be allergic, bacterial or viral) but it is viral 90% of the time.
Term
Iritis
Definition
Inflammation of the iris.

Signs and symptoms or iritis may include:
Redness of the eye, especially in the white part of the eye near the iris
Discomfort in the affected eye
Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
Blurred vision
Floating spots in the vision (eye floaters)
Term
Band Keratopathy
Definition
Derives its name from the distinctive appearance of calcium deposition in a band across the central cornea.
Term
Arcus Senilis
Definition
An opaque, grayish-white ring at the periphery of the cornea occurring in older adults
Term
Corneal Abrasion
Definition
History will tell you if the pt has this
Then use a fluorescent stain to see it
Put them on antibiotics
Term
Foreign Body
Definition
Remove, and make sure you get it all! Put them on a broad-spectrum antibiotic
Term
Corneal Ulcer
Definition
History tells you a lot...If they wear contact lenses, this discomfort may have been going on for days or weeks, whereas a corneal abrasion would have been immediate. Additionally, before you stain the eye you will see a white infiltrate where the ulcer is.
Term
Herpes Simplex Dendrite
Definition
Characteristic Look: Branches with little bulbs on the end (when stained)
You do not want to give steroids to a herpes patient!!
Antiviral medications (drops & pills)
They usually will have a history of this usually in the same eye, and they will have a dendritic looking scar.
Extremely painful & red eye
Term
Hyphema
Definition
Blood in the anterior chamber. Usually caused by trauma. Big worry: a blockage where the aqueous humor drains at the angle b/w the iris & cornea, causing one type of glaucoma.
Term
Endophthalmitis
Definition
Where the anterior chamber gets an infection inside of it. Big worry: you could actually lose the eye itself, not just your vision
Term
Horner's Syndrome
Definition
Ptosis, Miosis, & Anhidrosis. Can be caused by anything from an aneurysm, brain tumors, cervical disk problems, orbit problems, or pancoast's tumor (at the apex of the lung).
Term
Corneal Ulcer
Definition
15 x risk in patients who sleep in CTL
Causes:
Trauma
Ocular surface disease (dry eyes)
Chronic steroid use
HSV
Bacteria (Staph, Strep, Moraxella)
Fungi
Term
Diabetic retinopathy
Definition
The leading cause of legal blindness among working-age Americans.
Patients with Type 1 Diabetes is associated with more frequent and more severe ocular complications
Patients with Type 2 Diabetes is much more prevalent, so overall more people with type 2 are seen with complications
Term
Diabetic Retinopathy Risk Factors (3 things):
Definition
Duration of Diabetes
Severity of hyperglycemia (controllable)
Hypertension (keeping this under control slows the progression of DR)
Term
What is the earliest stage of diabetic retinopathy called? & what symptoms could you see in a person at this stage?
Definition
Nonproliferative DR (NPDR)
You might see:
Microaneurysms (look like little red dots)
Cotton-wool spots (look like little white-yellow dots; are areas in the retina that aren’t getting enough blood supply)
Intraretinal hemorrhages
Term
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Definition
Ischemia leads to release of growth factors that promote new blood vessels
Neovascularization can cause
Hemorrhages (intra-, sub-, preretinal, vitreous)
Traction, which can lead to retinal detachment
Term
The Optic Nerve is made up of about how many neurons?
Definition
Approx - 1.2million
Term
A normal cup:disk ratio is what? When do we start to worry?
Definition
Normal cup:disk ratio - 0.3 or less
We worry if it gets to 0.5 or more
Term
What are some of the symptoms of Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma?
Definition
Red eye
Sudden onset pain and decreased vision
Nausea / vomiting
Unilateral
Cloudy Cornea (halos)
High IOP (50 or more)
Fixed, mid-dilated pupil
Term
Dermatochalasis
Definition
This is the skin hanging down over the lid obstructing the eye, not the lid itself
Term
Strabismus
Definition
2 kinds:
Esotropia (eye or eyes turned in)
Exotropia (eye or eyes turned out)
Term
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Definition
Blood & thunder look
You can’t see the disk
Term
Hollenhorst Plaque
Definition
A cholesterol emboli lodged in a retinal vessel. Can cause a section of retinal ischemia. Also may be asymptomatic, but the embolus came from somewhere, and next time it could go to the brain and cause a stroke.
Term
AV Nicking
Definition
A retinal artery pressing on a vein causing compression of the vein so that it can become closed off.
Term
Exophthalmos
Definition
Where the eyeball is pushing out of its socket
Term
What viral disease is transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes?
Definition
Yellow Fever
Term
Cholera
Definition
Is an acute intestinal infection caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O-group 1 or O-group 139
--Infection is acquired primarily by ingesting contaminated water or food; person-to-person transmission is rare
--Treated with IV fluids in the U.S., but in some countries even this is not available and people die from diarrhea
--RICE WATER STOOLS
Term
Rubeola is also commonly known as what?
Definition
The measles
Term
What disease presents with these type symptoms: fever, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, bull neck (neck lymph nodes swollen), gray (nonremovable) membrane forming over the tonsils & pharynx
Definition
Diphtheria
Term
What treatment immediately follows with patients who have repiratory diphtheria?
Definition
Patients with respiratory diphtheria require hospitalization, immediate treatment with diphtheria antitoxin (DAT), appropriate antibiotics and supportive care, and monitoring of their close contacts
Term
What disease can be caused by a puncture wound, and the spores are found in the soil and in the intestines and feces of many household and farm animals and humans?
Definition
Tetanus -- and this is not passed from person-to-person
Term
What disease is an acute viral infection that involves the gastrointestinal tract and occasionally the central nervous system?
Definition
Poliomyelitis -- most infections are asymptomatic, but those that are symptomatic, include acute flaccid paralysis of a single limb to quadriplegia, respiratory failure, and, rarely, death
Term
What disease typically has an abrupt onset of symptoms that can include fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, and jaundice?
Definition
Hepatitis A virus
Term
What disease presents with sudden onset of fever, intense headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, and, frequently, a rash with pink macules that develops petechiae (that don't blanch)?
Definition
Meningococcal Disease
Term
What illness is caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica?
Definition
Typhoid
Term
What disease presents with a persistent high fever, headache, malaise, anorexia, splenomegaly, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots, and relative bradycardia?
Definition
Typhoid
Term
What disease is carried by the Female Anopheles mosquito?
Definition
Malaria
Term
What disease is passed by Female Phlebotomine sand flies?
Definition
Leishmaniasis
Term
What disease is characterized by skin sores, fever, weight loss, hepatomegaly and significant splenomegaly, typically develop months, sometimes years, after a person becomes infected, and
--Anemia
--Leukopenia
--Thrombocytopenia
Definition
Leishmaniasis
Term
What parasitic disease is transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly?
Definition
Trypanosomiasis
Term
What parasitic disease is transmitted by Triatoma or the (“cone nose” or “kissing”) bugs?
Definition
Chagas’ Disease
Term
What disease is transmitted to humans by day-biting deer fly Chrysops flies?
Definition
Loiasis
Term
Intestinal Tapeworms (2 kinds & where do you get them from):
Definition
Taenia saginata (undercooked beef)
Taenia solium (undercooked pork)
Term
What illness has an average incubation period of 14 days?
Definition
The measles (rubeola)
Term
What illness are you usually contagious from 4 days before to 4 days after the onset of the rash?
Definition
The measles (rubeola)
Term
If _____ is contracted in the early months of pregnancy it is associated with a high rate of fetal loss or a constellation of birth defects?
Definition
Rubella (German measles)
Term
What is also known as the "3 day measles"?
Definition
Rubella (German measles)
Term
What is an acute viral infection that involves the GI tract and occasionally the central nervous system?
Definition
Poliomyelitis
Term
The clinical manifestation of this illness include fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, and abdominal discomfort, followed within a few days by jaundice?
Definition
Hepatitis A
Term
The incubation period for this illness averages 28 days?
Definition
Hepatitis A
Term
This illness has a sudden onset with fever, intense headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, and, frequently, a rash with pink macules that develops petechiae...?
Definition
Meningococcal Disease
Term
Hallmark of _____ infection is persistent, high fever as high as 103° to 104° F
Definition
Typhoid
Term
_____ is associated with: fever and influenza-like symptoms, including chills, headache, myalgias, and malaise; these symptoms can occur at intervals.
Definition
Malaria
Term
P. falciparum infections can cause:
Definition
seizures, mental confusion, kidney failure, coma, and death
Term
T or F...Malaria has a vaccine available?
Definition
False
Term
The most common cause of TD worldwide is:
Definition
ETEC (Enterotoxogenic Escherichia-coli)
Term
Risk of infection is greatest in:
Rural Backcountry areas or poor sanitation &
Inadequate drinking water treatment facilities
Definition
Giardiasis
Term
Metronidazole (also Flagil), Nitazoxanide, &
Quinacrine, are all effective for what illness?
Definition
Giardiasis
Term
Leishmaniasis:
Definition
Transmitted by Female Phlebotomine sand flies; Cutaneous: One or more skin sore
Develop weeks to months after a person is bitten & Lymphadenopathy...Visceral:
Fever, weight loss, hepatomegaly and significant splenomegaly, typically develop months, sometimes years, after a person becomes infected...Anemia, Leukopenia, & Thrombocytopenia
Term
The treatment for Leishmaniasis is:
Definition
Pentostam 20 mg/kg/day x 20 days
Term
Most of the bites that occur transmitting this illness are quite painful, and thus travelers often recall the bites...?
Definition
Trypanosomiasis
Term
Signs and symptoms are initially nonspecific (fever, skin lesions, rash, edema, or lymphadenopathy); however, the infection progresses to meningoencephalitis. Systemic symptoms generally appear within 1 to 3 weeks of infection. Untreated cases are eventually fatal
Definition
Trypanosomiasis
Term
Trypanosoma brucei causes this:
Definition
Trypanosomiasis
Term
Trypanosoma cruzi causes this:
Definition
Chagas’ Disease
Term
The treatment for Chagas’ Disease is:
Definition
Nitrofuran or nitroimidazole derivatives
Term
It is commonly found in crowded institutions such as day-care centers, schools, hospitals and orphanages. It is most prevalent in children
Definition
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms)
Term
The treatment for Enterobius vermicularis is?
Definition
Vermox 100 mg po
Term
Ingestion of Ascaris eggs can infect you with what?
Definition
Ascaris lumbricoides (Giant Roundworm); Necator americanus (Hookworm); Trichuris trichuria (Whipworm)
Term
The treatment is what for:
Ascaris lumbricoides (Giant Roundworm); Necator americanus (Hookworm); Trichuris trichuria (Whipworm)
Definition
Mebendazole 100 mg BID x 3 days
Term
What has the ability to persist and replicate within a host for decades while producing minimal or no symptoms and has the potential to cause life-threatening infections?
Definition
Strongyloidiasis
Term
What is the treatment for Strongyloidiasis?
Definition
Thiabendazole 25 mg/kg bid X 2 days. Max dosage 3 g/day
Term
The treatment for Lymphatic Filariasis is:
Definition
Ivermectin 100-400 mcg/kg x 1 day
Term
______ is transmitted to humans by day-biting deer fly Chrysops flies?
Definition
Loa Loa
Term
Loa loa is treated with:
Definition
Diethylcarbamazine
Term
From what can you get NCC (Neurocystercosis)?
Definition
Intestinal Tapeworms
Term
Intestinal tapeworms are treated with:
Definition
praziquantel 50 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses BIDx15 days
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