Term
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Definition
unicellular
duplicate offspring
multicellular
make progeny
offspring from a zygote
replaces cells |
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Term
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Definition
a cell's allotment of DNA
prokaryotic cells usually have 1
eukaryotic cells have more than 1 |
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Term
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Definition
contains one molecule of DNA
Greek chroma=color, soma=body
if not in miosis, the chromose in the form of a long thin chromativ fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| one long linear DNA molecule that carries several hundred to a few thousand genes as well as the protiens that accompany them |
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Term
| number of chromosomes in human somatic cells and number in reproductive cells |
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Definition
46 chromosomes in somatic cells (23 pairs)
23 chromosomes in reproducitve cells (one set, no pairs) |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that attach sister chromosomes down thier whole length |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow waist where sister chromosomes are closest attached |
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Term
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Definition
| the division of the nucleus of a somatic cell |
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Term
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Definition
| modified process of cell division, reduces the number of sets of chromosomes from two to one in gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| the division of the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of G1, S, and G2 phases |
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Term
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Definition
| cell grows and produces proteins adn cytoplamsic organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes copied, grows, produces protiens and cytoplasmic organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| cell grows and produces protiens adn cytoplamic organeles, prepares ot divide |
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Term
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Definition
| chromatin fibers condense, mitotic spindle form and centresomes move away form each other |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes finish condensing, nuclear envelope fragments and microtubules invade area, chromatids are jerked about by kinetochore microtubules |
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Term
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Definition
| longest stage, centrosomes are at opposite poles, chromosomes are at the metaphase plate |
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Term
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Definition
| shortest stage, cohesion proteins cleaved, 2 sister chromosomes separate and become full-fledged chromosomes, cell elongates, chromosomes move to oppposite poles by being reeled by or waliking up the microtubule |
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Term
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Definition
| two daughter nuclei form, chromosomes become less condensed, MITOSIS IS COMPLETE |
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Term
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Definition
| starts in late telophase, division fo the cytoplasm in animal cells, involves a cleavage furrow, in plant cells it involves a cell plate |
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Term
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Definition
| shallow grove in cell surface near old metaphasal plate, microfilaments form a contractile ring, "cleaving" the cell into two daughter cells |
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Term
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Definition
| cesicles form golgi body move to middle fo cell, produce a cell plate, by releasing a substace. Cell plate fuses with old cell wall and divides the two new daughter cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| asexual prodcution fo eukaryotes and prokaryotes (for them it does not necessarily involve mitosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| consists fo finer made of microtubules and associated proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| a short arrau of microtubules |
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Term
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Definition
| a structure of proteins associated with specific sections fo chromosomal DNA and the centromere |
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Term
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Definition
timed by kinases and cyclins
MPF- signals cells passage into M phase
external and internal signals |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein released by certain cells that stimulates other cells to divide |
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Term
| platelet derived growth factor |
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Definition
| made by platlets, binds to receptor tyrosine kinase, lets cells pass G1 checkpoint |
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Term
| Density dependent inhibition |
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Definition
| when crowded cells stop dividing |
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Term
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Definition
| cells must be attached to a substratum |
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Term
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Definition
don't heed normal checkpoint signs
invade other tissue by reproducing excessively
loss of response to growth factors |
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