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Definition
| Transmission fo traits form one generation to the next. also known as inheritance. |
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Definition
| the study of heredity adn hereditary variation |
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Definition
| hereditary units which progaram cells to synthesize specific enzymes and other proteins whose cumulative action produces an organism's inherite traits |
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| a specific place on a lenght of a chromosome where a gene is located |
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Definition
a single individual is the sole parent
identical, gives rise to a clone |
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Definition
unique combination of genes
2 parents
gives rise to most genetic variation |
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Definition
| two pairs fo sister chromatids tha have the same length, centromere position, staining pattern, and carry genes of the same inherited characteristics at the same locus |
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Definition
| 2 in each human. XX for female XY for male. egg always has X, sperm can be X or Y. |
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Definition
| all other chromosomes other than the set of sex chromosomes |
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Definition
| a cell with two chromosome sets (2n) |
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Definition
| a cell with one set of chromosomes (n) |
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| alteration of generations |
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Definition
| when a multicellular diploid stage called the sporophyte is alternated with haploid cells called spores. Spores divide mitotically and form a gamete |
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Term
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Definition
chromsomes condense
homologs pair up
crossing over
centrosome movement, spinddle formation, nuclear envelope fragments |
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Term
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Definition
holomogous chromosomes line up on metaphasal plate
each homolog is attached to a kinetochore microtubule |
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Definition
proteins responsible for cohesion break down
sister chromatid cohesion persists
homologs move toward opposite poles |
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Term
| telophase I and cytokinesis |
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Definition
each half of the cell has a pair fo homologs
cytokinesis occurs simultaneously
sone species the chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelope reforms
NO DUPLICATION OF CHROMOSOMES |
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Term
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Definition
almost identical to mitosis
EXCEPT
4 CELLS HAVE BEEN PRODUCED |
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Term
| Synapsis and crossing over |
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Definition
replicated homologs pair up and become physically connected by a synaptonemal protein complex
crossing over is the process by which allels which control the same traits are traded by two non sister chromatids
connected by chismata |
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Term
| independent assortment of chromosomes |
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Definition
| random orientation fo homologous pairs of chromosomes at metaphase of meiosis I |
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Definition
produces recombinant organisms
average fo 1 to 3 cross over events per chromosome in prophase I |
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Definition
| fusion fo a male gamete with a female gamete can produce 70 million possible gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals best suited to the enviroment leave the most offspring, thus transmitting thier genes |
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