Term
ALPHA-2A AGONISTS
CLONIDINE,GUANFACINE, METHYLDOPA
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Definition
inhibit sympathetic outflow from cardiovascular control centers of thebrain (the NTS and RVLM) by:
a) inhibiting presynaptic Ca2+ channels -> ↓ NE release
b) opening postsynaptic K+ channels -> K+ efflux -> hyperpolarization
Net effect: ↓ peripheral resistance, HR and CO with ↑ vagal tone. The ↑ vagal tone can cause marked bradycardia in some patients. |
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Term
CLONIDINE (Catapres) ALPHA-2A AGONISTS
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Definition
Higher doses stimulate vascular α2B receptors -> vasoconstriction. This might explain the loss of therapeutic effect with higher doses and the initial ↑ in BP when clonidine is given IV. Given orally, drug levels do not rise as rapidly and the central effects override any vasoconstrictionfollowing oral administration.
USES: - Antihypertensive
- Treat autonomic withdrawal symptoms from opiates, EtOH & nicotine
- Epidural (Duraclon) for severe pain in cancer patients who do not respond to opioids.
- Tourette's syndrome - Anxiety & panic attacks
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Menopausal flushing
CAUTION Discontinue slowly to avoid rebound sympathetic activity that can lead to a hypertensive crisis, tachycardia or an arrhythmia
MOST COMMON SIDE EFFECTS:
a) dry mouth
b) sedation
c) Constipation is common. Clonidine ↓s Ach release by stimulating α2A heteroreceptors on myenteric and submucosal cholinergic neurons -> ¯ peristalsis by relaxing intestinal smooth muscles -> ↑ time for Na+/H2O reabsorption. It also ¯s GI secretions. This can cause weight gain. A diuretic can be added to combat any significant Na+/H2O retention.
d) sexual dysfunction in males. |
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Term
GUANFACINE (Tenex) ALPHA-2A AGONISTS |
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Definition
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Term
METHYLDOPA (generic) ALPHA-2A AGONISTS |
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Definition
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Term
. ALPHA ANTAGONISTS
-ZOSIN
PRAZOSIN (Minipress),TERAZOSIN (Hytrin),DOXAZOSIN (Cardura) |
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Definition
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Term
PRAZOSIN (Minipress)
ALPHA ANTAGONISTS |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
. DOXAZOSIN (Cardura)
ALPHA ANTAGONISTS |
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Definition
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Term
BETA BLOCKERS
-OLOL
PROPRANOLOL,NADOLOL (Corgard),TIMOLOL (generic), PINDOLOL (generic),LABETALOL (Trandate),PENBUTOLOL (Levatol),CARVEDILOL (Coreg) |
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Definition
Blocking β2 receptors in vasculature can -> unopposed α1-mediated vasoconstriction and ↑ vascular resistance. However, the net effect is a ↓ in BP from combined (-) inotropic effects and inhibition of renin release.
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Term
PROPRANOLOL (Inderal)
BETA BLOCKERS |
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Definition
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Term
NADOLOL (Corgard)
BETA BLOCKERS |
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Definition
T ½ = 20-24 hrs thus once a day. USES: hypertension, angina |
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Term
TIMOLOL (generic)
BETA BLOCKERS
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Definition
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Term
PINDOLOL (generic)
BETA BLOCKERS |
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Definition
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Term
LABETALOL (Trandate)
BETA BLOCKERS
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Definition
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Term
PENBUTOLOL (Levatol)
BETA BLOCKERS |
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Definition
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Term
CARVEDILOL (Coreg)
BETA BLOCKERS |
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Definition
CAUTION: Rare, but serious, hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria) have occurred. Do not use if there is a history of Stevens-Johnson syndrome,angioedema or any other serious allergic reaction that can be life-threatening |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
ATENOLOL (Tenormin)
SELECTIVE b1 BLOCKERS |
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Definition
– hypertension, angina, MI |
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Term
METOPROLOL (Lopressor)
SELECTIVE b1 BLOCKERS |
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Definition
– hypertension, angina, MI |
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Term
BETAXOLOL (generic)
SELECTIVE b1 BLOCKERS |
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Definition
– hypertension. CAUTION if pregnant. Can ¯ placental perfusion (a riskw/ all β blockers) -> fetal death, premature delivery, fetal bradycardia, hypoglycemia. |
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Term
ACEBUTOLOL (Sectral)
SELECTIVE b1 BLOCKERS |
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Definition
hypertension, ventricular arrhythmias. Parent & metabolite diacetolol are active. Diacetolol has ISA. WHAT IS A RX W/ ISA GOOD FOR |
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Term
BISOPROLOL (Zebeta)
SELECTIVE b1 BLOCKER |
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Definition
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Term
NEBIVOLOL (Bystolic)
SELECTIVE b1 BLOCKER |
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Definition
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Term
Ca2+ CHANNEL BLOCKERS (CCBs)
-ipine
VERAPAMIL (Calan), DILTIAZEM (Cardizem), NIFEDIPINe (Procardia),NIMODIPINE (generic), ISRADIPINE (DynacirCR), NICARDIPINE (Cardene),FELODIPINE (generic), NISOLDIPINE (Sular),AMLODIPINE (Norvasc), CLEVIDIPINE (Cleviprex) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
CCBs WITH PROMINENT EFFECTS ON THE NODES
– acts on nodes & vascular smooth muscle but used mainly for angina and various arrhythmias. |
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Term
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Definition
CCBs WITH PROMINENT EFFECTS ON THE NODES
also acts on nodes & vascular smooth muscle but is generally used for angina & various arrhythmias. |
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Term
CCBs THAT ACT MAINLY ON VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE (dihydropyridines) |
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Definition
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Term
ACE INHIBITORS (ACEIs)
-APRIL
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Definition
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Term
ACEIs
ACTIVE (not proRxs): |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs)
-ARTAN
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Definition
Theoretically, they should be more effective that ACEIs b/c Ang II can be synthesized from angiotensinogen by other enzymes such as chymase in connective tissues and mast cells and by trypsin. These other enzymes are not inhibited by ACEIs.
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Term
CANDESARTAN (Atacand)
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKER (ARB) |
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Definition
OTHER USE: prophylaxis against migraine RX INTERACTION: s Li+ levels |
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Term
IRBESARTAN (Avapro)
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKER (ARB) |
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Definition
approved to treat diabetic nephropathy |
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Term
LOSARTAN (Cozaar)
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKER (ARB) |
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Definition
FOOD INTERACTION: Avoid grapefruit juice - delays conversion to its active metabolite. |
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Term
TELMISARTAN (Micardis)
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs) |
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Definition
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Term
HYDRALAZINE (generic)
MISCELLANEOUS VASODILATORS |
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Definition
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Term
NITROPRUSSIDE (Nitropress)
MISCELLANEOUS VASODILATORS |
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Definition
USES: hypertensive emergencies / controlled hypotension to ¯ bleeding during surgery / acute CHF to elicit a reflex CO |
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Term
FENOLDOPAM (Corlopam)
MISCELLANEOUS VASODILATORS |
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Definition
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Term
MINOXIDIL (generic)
MISCELLANEOUS VASODILATORS |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
EPOPROSTENOL (Flolan)
PAH Rx
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Definition
– a PGI2 for IV use in patients refractory to other therapy. Dilates pulmonary & systemic arterial beds -> ↓ afterload & ↑ CO. It also inhibits platelet aggregation |
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Term
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Definition
– a PGI2 analog with actions similar to epoprostenol.
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Term
ILOPROST (Ventavis)
PAH Rx
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Definition
– a PGI2 analog that dilates pulmonary and systemic arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
- MECHANISM: Antagonist at endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptors ETA & ETB.
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Term
AMBRISENTAN (Letairis)
PAH Rx
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Definition
selective ETA antagonist. Same cautions as with bosentan except monthly liver enzyme tests are not required. Available only through the access program. |
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