Term
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Definition
| What are the two basic manifestations of valvular heart disease? |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ and _____ stress lead to remodeling of the heart chambers and myocardium as a natural response to maintain cardiac output during valvular dysfunction. |
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Term
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Definition
| What is an abnormality of structure or function of a valve that is present at birth? |
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Term
Aortic and Pulmonic valves
*these are tricuspid valves |
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Definition
| Which valves tend to have more congenital abnormalities? |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormality involving structural proteins, such as collagen, in valve leaflet tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Myxomatous degeneration of valves involves which two valves mostly? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of inherited connective tissue disease causes myxomatous degeneration of valves? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the most common cause of multivalvular disease? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of disease causes valve dysfunction by an autoimmune mechanism? |
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Term
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Definition
| In Rheumatic Heart Disease, what type of antigens cross-react with valvular tissue? |
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Term
both!
*this is due to the restrictive effects of scarring |
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Definition
| Are the valves that are damaged by RHD stenotic or insufficient? |
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Term
| Degenerative Calcification |
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Definition
| What is the most frequent cause of aortic stenosis in the elderly? |
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Term
| Degenerative Calcification |
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Definition
| What type of valvular dysfunction results from calcium deposition on the body of leaflets? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of valvular dysfunction occurs on previously abnormal valves? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of valvular dysfunction causes regurgitation and vegetations? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which valvular dysfunction is associated with leaflet prolapse and scarring? |
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Term
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Definition
| Infarction of what can lead to mitral regurgitation? |
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Term
| Systemic Lupus Erythrocytosis |
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Definition
| What disease is associated with a noninfected warty vefeation involving primarily the mitral valve? |
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Term
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Definition
| What drugs simulate Rheumatic heart disease and can cause medically induced valve disease? |
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Term
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Definition
| What leads to volume overload of the LV? |
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Term
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Definition
| In Mitral Regurgitation, what must increase to accomodate for the regurgant volume in the LV? |
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Term
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Definition
| L Atrium enlargement predisposes the pt to what? |
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Term
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Definition
| What Valvular dysfunction will show up as a systolic murmur at apex, radiating to the axilla and increasing on expiration? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of imaging is best to detect mitral regurgitation? |
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Term
ACE-I
* they reduce preload and afterload |
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Definition
| What meds are best for mitral regurgitation? |
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Term
Coumadin
*to reduce risk of thrombo-embolus |
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Definition
| What drug would you give for a pt with A fib. and decreased LVEF? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is mitral valve prolapse usually caused by? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of valvular dysfunction is associated wiith low BMI, low BP, and thoracic skeletal abnormalities (ie. Pectus excavatum)? |
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Term
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Definition
| What valvular dysfunction shows up with a midsystolic click at the mitral areas with contraction of the LV and can also have a late systolic murmur after the click? |
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Term
Normal: 4 cm sq. or >
stenosis: <1 cm sq. |
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Definition
What is a normal valve area for the mitral valve?
How big is it when there is mitral stenosis? |
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Term
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Definition
| Mitral stenosis causes increased pressure where? |
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Term
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Definition
| WHat type of valvular dysfunction leads to R sided HF? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is usually the first symptom of mitral stenosis? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the test of choice for mitral stenosis? |
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Term
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Definition
| If a pt is in Afib with mitral stenosis, what drug would you use to control the rate? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the initial choice of surgical procedures in a pt with mitral stenosis? |
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Term
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Definition
| Aortic regurgitation causes volume overload where? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which valvular dysfunction is associated with a high pitched diastolic murmur? |
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Term
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Definition
| What valvular dysfunction is associated with a wide pulse pressure or a water hammer pulse? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is it called when the aortic regurgitant jet hits the mitral valve leaflet, causing partial closure and creating an apical diastolic murmur simulating mitral stenosis? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of imaging is most used for aortic regurgitation? |
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Term
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Definition
| Pts with aortic regurgitation that have symptoms can be treated with medications to reduce what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Aortic stenosis causes concentric ________ as a compensentory mechanism to maintain normal CO. |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of valvular dysfunction causes a systolic murmur over the aortic area that can radiate to the carotid area? |
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