Term
| cardiovascular system is… |
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Definition
| closed system of the heart and blood vessels |
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| function of cardio system |
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Definition
| deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove CO2 and other waste products |
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| visceral pericardium (next to heart) and parietal pericardium (outside layer) |
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Term
| what fills space between layers of pericardium? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| epicardium--outside layer (connective tissue); myocardium--middle layer (cardiac muscle); endocardium--inner layer (endothelium) |
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| right and left atria (receiving chambers); right and left ventricles (discharging chambers) |
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| thicker than right because pumps blood to body |
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| oxygen poor side of heart |
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Definition
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Term
| oxygen rich side of heart |
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Definition
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Definition
| receive O2 poor blood from body and pumps it out through pulmonary arteries (enter right atrium) |
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Definition
| carry blood to lungs where O2 is picked up and CO2 is unloaded (leaves right ventricle) |
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Definition
| O2 rich blood is returned to left side of heart through the 4 pulmonary veins (enter left atrium) |
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Definition
| "blood returned to left side of heart is pumped out of heart into aorta, from which arteries branch to supply to all body tissues (leaves left ventricle)" |
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Definition
| valves between atria and ventricles (bicuspid--left and tricuspid--right) |
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Definition
| valves between ventricle and artery (pulmonary similunar and aortic semilunar valves) |
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Definition
| blood that nourishes the heart is provided by left and right coronary arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| myocardium is drained by several cardiac veins (empty into enlarged vessel on back of heart called coronary sinus) |
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Definition
| empties into right atrium |
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Term
| 2 types of controlling systems act to regulate heart activity |
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Definition
| "(1) involves nerves of autonomic NS that act like ""brakes"" and ""accelerators"" to decrease or increase heart rate; (2) intrinsic conduction system or nodal system (heart muscle cells contract without nerve impulses)" |
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Definition
| in right atrium; acts as pacemaker; contraction is initiated by SA node |
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Term
| atrioventricular (AV) node |
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Definition
| at junction of atria and ventricles |
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Term
| "AV bundle, bundle branches and Purkinje fibers do what?" |
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Definition
| conduct electrical signals (special tissue that behaves like neurons) |
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| "events of 1 complete heartbeat: (1) mid-to-late diastole--blood flows into ventricles; (2) ventricular systole--blood pressure builds before ventricle contracts, pushing out blood; (3) early diastole--atria f inish re-filling, ventricular pressure is low" |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of blood pumped by each side of heart in 1 minute |
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Definition
| volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 contraction |
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Definition
| "take blood to the tissues and back (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins)" |
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Term
| 3 layers of blood vessels |
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Definition
| (1) tunic intima (endothelium); (2) tunic media (smooth muscle); (3) tunic externa (mostly fibrous connective tissue) |
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Term
| capillary beds consist of 2 types of vessels |
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Definition
| vascular shunt (directly connects an arteriole to a venule); true capillaries (exchange vessels) |
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| points where pulse is easily palpated |
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Definition
| measurements by health professionals--systolic (pressure at peak of ventricular contraction); diastolic (pressure when ventricles relax) |
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Term
| neural factors on blood pressure |
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Definition
| autonomic nervous system adjustments (sympathetic) |
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Term
| renal factors on blood pressure |
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Definition
| regulation by altering blood volume |
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Term
| temperature factors on blood pressure |
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Definition
| "heat ahs vasodilation effect, cold has vasoconstricting effect" |
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| chemical factors (and diet) on blood pressure |
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Definition
| various substances can cause increases or decreases |
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| substances move to and from body cells acourding to concentration gradients (O2 and nutrients leave the blood; CO2 and other wastes leave the cells) |
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Term
| capillary exchange mechanisms (4) |
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Definition
| (1) direct diffusion across plasma membranes; (2) endocytosis or exocytosis; (3) some capillaries have gaps; (4) fenestrations (pores) of some capillaries |
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