Definition of Audiology: The branch of science and medicine concerned with the sense of hearing

HDCLWPATNTK Notes

pg. 29  pgh 4: hearing aides can come in all different shapes and sizes, and colors but all work the same

pg. 29 pgh 3: Hearing aides are the best thing that you could do for your child if he or she had a hearing

HDCLWPATNTK Notes

pg.31 pgh 2: Cochlear implants are another tool that is used to help people with hearing loss or deafness

They are like hearing aides except for they have a wire attached to a magnet on  them. The magnet goes onto the head behind the ear and attaches to the piece of metal that was implanted inside of the head

HDCLWPATNTK Notes

pg.35 pgh 2 Some people believe that signing is not good for the deaf or hard of hearing to learn because it will affect their ability to learn how to talk fluently.

Also it will affect the way they hear because they might ignore the sounds that they hear. They can choose whether or not they want an implant becasue they can cause serious injuries if the person is not careful.

Soure A:

How Deaf Children Learn What parents and teachers need to know

by: Marc Marschark and Peter Hauser

Source B:

Hearing Science by: Charles Berlin

HDCLWPATNTK Notes

pg. 44 pgh.1 Almost every country has its own sign language meaning that all of the signs are different from another country's

pg. 45 pgh.3 Along with the sign language, to show your feelings you have to express with your face and body how you are feeling because the other person cannot hear it in your voice

pg. 45 pgh 3 Sometimes you may have to use one or two hands to sign

pg. 45 pgh. 4 Sometimes you have to fingerspell words because either they do not have a word or either the person does not know the sign for the word. In that case, once you fingerspell it out, another person may show you the sign for the word.

HDCLWPATNTK Notes

pg. 46 pgh. 2 American sign language (asl) comes from french sign language (lsf) and american signs that were brought from England and France and others were borrowed from Native Americans tribe

LAD Notes

pg. 6 pgh 2 signed languages have been around for centuries

GGAMUASL Notes

pg.13 pgh 1 Sign langauge has changed over time, in body language, hand movement and other ways

HLAHPFAA Notes

pg. 1 pgh 1:                                                                                                                       

-Hearing loss can affect all ages

-Hearing loss is the mis common sensory disability in the world

-About 20 % of people over 18 have hearing loss

-about 80 % of people over 80 have hearing loss

-Sometimes hearing loss might be undiagnosed or not taken care of properly

pg.1  pgh 2 :                                                                                                                  

-Some forms of hearing loss can be treated such as conductive

-Other hearing losses such as noise induced can be prevented

-Many adults with hearing loss use hearing aids

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pg1 pgh.3                                                                                                 

-The ear has three parts, the outer, middle and inner ear

-How the ear works: Sound travels to the external auditory canal making the tympanic membrane vibrate. The ossicle moves the fluids of the inner ear moving the hair cells of the cochlea and motioing signaling the auditory nerve. The inner ear makes the sound into neural pulses and gives the brain information about frequency, intensity, and timing.

pg.1 pgh 4                                                                                                

Reasons that hearing loss can occur:                                                      

-problems with the external or midle ear which is conductive hearing loss

-problems with the cochlea and hearing nerve, or both                             

-brain abnormalties

-Hearing loss can either be temporary or permanent

-It can be present then or after birth

-It can be before or after speech

pg.2 pgh 1                                                                                                

-Complete hearing loss is sually described as deafness

-Mild hearing loss can affect the ability to hear speech or pronounce speech

-There are many wasy to prevent this from happpening

pg.2 pgh 2                                                                                                

-All newborns are offered a hearing screening test during their first weeks of life

- The second screening takes place when the child starts school at five years old

pg.2 pgh 3                                                                                                

-Progressive or acquired hearing losses can show in the firtst months of life and can be missed by the hearing screening test

-Temporary fluctuating hearing loss is common on all infancy and is found in the middle ear

pg.2 pgh 4                                                                                                  

-knowledge of the developemental milestones is important for recognising hearing difficulties

-a newborn baby might not react to loud noises

-a four month old baby might not react to familiar voices

- a lot of people use the checklist "Can your baby hear you" made by McCormick in 1982

-When parents are concerned they are encouraged to see a specialist

pg.2 pgh 4                                                                                               

- Older chilkdren may not respond to sound, increase the volume, or sit very close to the t.v so that they can hear it

-Mild Hearing loss can also affect the speech developement

-Children with high frequency hearing loss  may speak unclearly because they can not hear the consonants of the words

pg.2 pgh 4                                                                                                

-Children with hearing loss can show in behavioral changes such as attention issues, misbehaving in the classroom, poor academic performance, and problems with interacting with peers

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pg.2 pgh 5                                                                                                   

-Someties adult patients may complain that the cannot hear in noisy environments, or may say that they cannot hear on the telephone or telivision

-They can also report that they have trouble hearing environmental sounds like the doorbell, or telephone ringing

pg.2 pgh 5                                                                                                    

-Sometimes the patients might deny that they have any hearing difficuties

-Hearing loss may discourage patients from engaging in challenging listening situations, and can cause depression, social isolation

-Isolation can lead to loss of confidence, depression, and unwillingness to participate in social interaction

pg.2 pgh 6                                                                                                   

-Children and adults can show ear infections, tinnitus, hypercacusis (which is sensitivity to noise, dizziness or balance problems, without reported hearing difficulties

pg.2 pgh 7                                                                                               

-A common cause of fluctuating hearing loss is otitis media with effusion

-90 percent of children have otitis media withe effusion before school age

- In 40 to 56 percent of those children, resolution occurs within two weeks

-In 60 to 94 percent of cases, resolutin occurs within three months

IOEIOEARLDAYCWPHL Notes

-Many children with sensorieneural hearing loss expeirince improved language abilities if EI services were given at an early age

-Results o EI showed that children enrolled by age 6 months were more likely to haeve age appropriate language skills at baseline than children enrolled at or after 6 months

CMMSAFDSWD Notes

pg.1 pgh !                                                                                             

-Deaf students with disabilities have more challenges than the deaf students that don't

-The student's teachers will have more challenges too becasue they already have to help them learn sign language. It might affect how they learn or how they pay attention.

pg.1 pgh2                                                                                                 

-Holly Mcbride who was the author of this paper along with someone else states that although she did not find a huge amount information on deaf students with disabilities or their general curriculum, she found information and recccomendations and success with other deaf students with disabilities

pg.1 pgh 2                                                                                                   

-She found a valuable resource which was the Human Developement Institute at the University of Kentucky and formed a four step outline:

1. Identify and link to the appropriate standards                                       

2. Defuine the outcomes of instruction                                                     

3. Identify the instructional activities                                                        

4. Target specific objectives from the Individualized Education Program (IEP)

IOEIOEARLDAYCWPHL Notes

pg.1 pgh 1

HDCLWPATNTK Notes

pg. 30 pgh 1

Have to be carefull about hearing aides because to much amplification can cause damage or hearing loss

pg. 30 pgh 1 Hearing aides can be important for cochlear implantations for later on ( keeps the auditory nerve stimulated and healthy

pg.30 pgh 2 Hearing aide (of course) will not be helpful if they are not working properly:

-keep extra set of batteries

-maks sure they are working

- if broken make sure to go to audiologists to get fixed immediately etc.

pg. 31 pgh 2                                                                                               

-CI"S have two primary parts: one implanted inside of the head, and one outside of the head connected  my a magnet

-The part outside is like a hearung aid with a microphone and reciever that can be worn behind the ear or attached to the clothes

-Includes a microprocessor that generates electrical signals of different frequencies, corresponding to sounds that vary to pitch and loudness

pg. 31pgh 2                                                                                             

-A wire attaches the unit to a small transmitter and the magnet

-The part on the inside of the head includes a small receiver and a smooth wire with electrodes that transmit electrical impulses

-Upgrades do not involve surgery because technological advance in cochlear implants involve the software of the microprocessor

pg. 31 pgh 3                                                                                            

Process of the Cochlear Implant surgery:  

1. make a small opening above ear and hallowing a small indentation in the skull.

2. internal receiver fits into the indentation and the electrode wire is threaded into the spiral of the cochlea

3. When activated by sounds picked up by the microphone and analyzed by the processor, the system signals through the transmitter, across the receiver, and into the electrode erray

Source:

www.silentwordministries.org

Source:

www.start-american-sign-language.com

-deaf people were treated differently b/c of their disability

-Aristotle had a theory that stated that people can only learn hearing spoken language.

- Deaf people were seen as uneducable

-Deaf people were denied in their fundamental rights

-In some places deaf people were not allowed to buy property or get married

-Some deaf people were even forced to have guardians b/c they were seen as something other than human.

-Aristotle's claim was disputed in Europe during the Renaissance. Scholars were attempting to educate deaf persons for the first time and prove the 2,000 year old beliefs wrong

-This mark in the history of sign language is what started the creation of a signed language.

Source:

http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/pages/coch.aspx

-Cochlear Implant is a small complex electronic device that can help provide sound to a person that is profoundly deaf or severely hard of hearing

-The device consists of many parts

-The implant includes and external part that sits behind the war and an internal part that is implanted under the skin

-It includes a microphone that picks up sound from the environment

-A speech processor which helps arrange the sounds picked up by the microphone and makes them clearer

-A transmitter and reciever/stimulator that recieves signals from the speech processor and novitiate them into electrical impulses

-Electrode array which is a group of electrodes that collect impulses form the stimulator and send them to the different parts of the auditory nerves