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Carotids
diagnostic medical sonography
60
Medical
Undergraduate 2
03/26/2012

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Cards

Term
Stroke
Definition
Leading cause of adult disability in US
Term
stroke
Definition
3rd leading cause of death in the US
Term
$30 billion per year
Definition
Costs for stroke are more than What?
Term
  • ischemic stroke
  • intracranial hemorhage 
Definition
What are the two causes of stroke?
Term
ischemic stroke
Definition
Cause of stroke by an interruption of blood flow to the brain
Term
intracranial hemorhage
Definition
Cause of stroke from a ruptured intracranial blood vessel
Term
ischemic
Definition
loss of oxygen
Term
80%
Definition
Aproximately what % of strokes are ischemic?
Term
20%
Definition
What percent of strokes are hemorhagic?
Term
Carotid artery disease
Definition
What is responsible for >50% of all strokes?
Term
nonmodifiable
Definition
Age, sex, and age are what kind of risk factors?
Term
  • hypertension
  • atrial fibrillation and other cardiac dxs
  • diabetes
  • hyperlipidemia
  • smoking
  • sedentary lifestyle 
Definition
What are modifiable risk factors?
Term

Causes vasospasms;

constriction of the artery

Definition
What does smoking do to the arteries?
Term

Disease on the contralateral

carotid system

Definition
When ther are symptoms of weakness/numbness of leg or arm on one side of the body, it implicates what?
Term
ipsilateral(same) side
Definition
Ocular symptoms suggest disease in the carotid system where?
Term
  • sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg, especially on one side of body
  • sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or understanding
  • sudden trouble seeing
  • sudden trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of balance
  • sudden headache 
Definition
what are some classic warning signs of stroke?
Term
High risk for stroke or cervical bruit
Definition
Asymptomatic pts are usually referred for carotid scan why?
Term

Stroke or cerebrovascular accident

(CVA)

Definition
permanent ischemic neurologi deficit; death to some part; not reversible
Term

reversible ischemic neuologic deficit

(RND)

Definition
neurologic deficit that resolves in greater than 24 hrs
Term

Transient ischemic attack

(TIA)

"mini strokes"

Definition
ischemic neurologic deficit that lasts less than 24 hrs
Term
amaurosis fugax
Definition
transient partial or complete loss of vision in one eye, often described as a shade or curtain being lowered over the eye
Term
hemiparesis
Definition
unilateral partial or complete paralysis
Term
dysarthria
Definition
difficulty with speeh because of impairment of the tongue or muscles esstential to speech
Term
aphasia
Definition
inibility to communicate by speech or writing
Term
dysphagia
Definition
inibility or difficulty in swallowing
Term
ataxia
Definition

gait disturbances

(uncordinated)

Term
diplopia
Definition
double vision
Term
vertigo
Definition
sensation of having objects move about the person or sensation of moving around in spaces
Term
the left ventricle
Definition
The ascending aorta originates from where?
Term
  • brachioephalic trunk
  • left common carotid artery
  • left subclavian artery 
Definition
What three main arteries arise from the superior convexity of the aortic arch?
Term
brachiocephalic artery
Definition
What is the first branh off the superior covexity of the aorti arch?
Term
left common carotid
Definition
what is the second branch off the superior convexity of the aortic arch?
Term
subclavian artery
Definition
What is the third branch of the superior convexity of the aortic arch?
Term
innominate/ brachiocephali artery
Definition
divides into the right common carotid and the right subclavian, which gives rise to the right vertebral
Term
left common cartotid
Definition
originates slightly to the left of the innominate artery, followed by the left subclavian artery, whih likewise gives rise to the left vertebral artery
Term
left b/c it originates at the arch
Definition
which carotid is usually longer?
Term
carotid sheath
Definition
in the neck, the carotid, jugular, and vagus nerve are enclosed in connective tissue called what?
Term
vagus nerve
Definition
What lies between and dorsal to the artery and vein?
Term
slows heart rate
Definition
What does the vagus nerve do?
Term
superior thyroid artery
Definition
Occasionally the common carotid will be the origin of what branch?
Term
superior thyroid
Definition
What is the most commonly visualized branch on the ECA?
Term
8
Definition
How many branches does the ECA have?
Term
ICA
Definition
Lies in the carotid sheath; runs deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Term
vertebral artery
Definition
large branches of subclavian arteries?
Term
left
Definition
In majority of pts which vertebral is the dominant one?
Term
  • extravertebral
  • intervertebral
  • horizontal
  • intracranial 
Definition
Vertebral is divided into what 4 segments?
Term
extravertbral
Definition
which segment of the verbebral is evaluated on carotid scan?
Term
20mmHg
Definition
A difference greater than what between arms suggests a proximal stenosis/occlusion of the subclavian or innominate artery on the side of the lower pressure
Term
bruit
Definition
tissue vibration produced by turbulence
Term

7-10 MHZ liner array

High frequency

Definition
What kind of transducer is used for carotid?
Term
most of anterior circulation to brain
Definition
What does the ICA supply?
Term
supply posterior cerebral circulation to the brain
Definition
What does the vertebrals supply?
Term
  • brachiocephalic
  • Lt CCA
  • Lt Subclavian 
Definition
What 3 vessels come from the aorti arch?
Term
  • Rt CCA
  • Rt subclavian
  • Rt sternoclavicular junction 
Definition
Brachiocephalic divides into what?
Term
circle of willis
Definition
the posterior cirulation the ICA meets with
Term
ECA
Definition
What takes over if ICA or Vertebrals fail?
Term
the Vertebrals
Definition
What supplies the medulla oblongata and inferior circulation of brain?
Term
intima
Definition
What layer does the plaque form on ?
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