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Caster test 2
Test 2
58
Medical
Undergraduate 3
03/19/2012

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Cards

Term
Compartment Syndrome is due to the fact that facial bounds of the muscle compartment are _____ and with enough pressure they can effectively _______ cappilary pressure and stop _______ flow to _______ ______.
Definition
inelastic, counter, nutrient, muscle cells.
Term
Also called compartment ___________
Definition
Hypertension
Term
T/F
Compartment syndrome doesnt lead to venous outflow problems.
Definition
False, it does
Term
Can be caused by swelling of _______ ______ ______ ________ within the compartment.
Definition
skeletal soft muscle tissue
Term
What is the most common cause of soft muscle swelling?
Definition
Post traumatic crush injury or a closed fracture. (results in cellular swelling that causes muscle ischemia)
Term
An early symptom-
Late symptom-
Definition
neurologic paresthesias
muscle infection (due to lack of blood flow), this can progress to organs from metabolic toxins
Term
Clinical signs of compartment syndrome
Definition
severe pain, distal motor dysfunction, weakness, numbness, tender to palpation.
Term
T/F
Finding normal phasic tibial vein flow when scanning the calf muscle compartment effectively rules out elevated tissue pressures.
Definition
true
Term
What vessels get compressed first, second, and then third as pressure increases
Definition
capillary beds, veins, then arteries
Term
___________ is performed to relieve pressure. If nothing is done, __________ could be a result.
Definition
Fasciotomy, amputation
Term
How many types of popliteal artery entrapment: which one involves medial looping around and under head of gasstroc's
Definition
type 1
Term
what type is when the artery is compressed by accessory slip of muscle from medial head.
Definition
type 3
Term
what type is when the gastroc arises from a more lateral point and the pop a. passes more laterally and under muscle
Definition
type 2
Term
what type is when the pop a. is entrapped by a deeper popliteus muscle or fibrous band.
Definition
type 4
Term
What type is when both the pop a. and v. are envolved?
Definition
type 5
Term
What type is related to hypertrophy of muscle?
Definition
Type 6
Term
Pop entraptment-
Stage 1:
Stage 2:
Stage 3:
Definition
1- adventitial thickening and fibrosis
2- smooth muscle replaced with collagen
3- degenerative process (can lead to arterial thrombosis)
Term
Pop entraptment clinical findings
Definition
coldness, rest paint, claudication, sudden onset during intense LE activity, claudication, usually in young men.
Term
T/F
Popliteal entrapment is usually bilateral
Definition
false, unilateral
Term
T/F
Pulses are only present with dorsiflexion or plantar flexion
Definition
False, only present at rest
Term
Doppler during dorsi and planter flexion - ____x systolic velocity is significant for positive
Definition
2x
Term
Usually always ________ repaired by ________ of the _______ _________.
Definition
surgically, transection, medial head
Term
3 things to find when mapping vein.
Definition
patency, diameter, length
Term
What is the vein of choice?
What is the second choice?
_______ or ______ if needed.
Definition
GSV, LSV, Basilic and cephalic.
Term
When vein mapping, mark every ____ to ____ cm.
Definition
2-3 cm
Term
Subdermal-
subcutaneous-
subfascial-
Definition
under the skin
beneath layers of skin
beneath fascia
Term
Vein of 2.5 mm by US can dialate to ____mm under arterial pressure.
Definition
4mm.
Term
Arterial bypass is most successful with inflow ________ and patent __________ distally.
Definition
obstruction, runoff
Term
T/F
Bypass halts disease progress
Definition
False
Term
T/F
Dacron is generally rejected and is made of knitted fabric
Definition
False, it is made of knitted fabric, but it is not rejected generally.
Term
T/F
Synthetic grafts are more suitable for large vessel bypass
Definition
True
Term
________ will form in a _______ manner over the inner diameter of the graft material.
Definition
Endothelium, contiguous
Term
T/F
Synthetic are able to reproduce similar elastic recoil
Definition
False
Term
<____mm vein is not a viable option for arterial bypass
Definition
<2mm
Term
Autografts and recipient site:
Internal Iliac-
External Iliac-
Definition
Renal or visceral.
Carotid, renal, com. fem, popliteal
Term
T/F
Composite graft usually have a autogenous vein proximally and prosthetic distally.
Definition
False. Autogenous distal and prosthetic proximally.
Term
Composite grafts are used when-
Definition
quality or length of native vein is not sufficient.
Term
Early thrombosis complications:
Definition
Technical error, poor runoff, poor inflow, hypotension,
Term
Late Thrombosis:
Definition
Anastomotic neointimal hyperplasia, progression of atherosclerosis, vein graft intimal thickening
Term
Early infection (common/uncommon)
caused by ___________.
Late infection is commonly ____________.
Definition
uncommon, virulent pathogens.
staphylococcus commonly.
Term
Most serious complication in aortic bypass surgeries ____________ ________.
This is a direct communication between _________ and _______ _____ in aorta.
Definition
aortoenteric fistula, bowel, suture line.
Term
T/F
Can cause injury lymphatic system and cause LE edema.
Definition
True
Term
T/F
A complication of grafts can cause sexual dysfunction.
Definition
true
Term
Graft surveillance-
___ year patency rate
_________ post op.
__-__ weeks
__ months
__ months
Every __ to __ months after if no complications.
Definition
5, immediately, 3-6, 3, 6, 6 to 12.
Term
Early graft failure <__ days post op
late >__ days post op
Thrombosis as early as ___ hours post op
Definition
30, 30, 24hours
Term
Treatment of failure:
Definition
Thrombectomy, Extension of graft, patch graft, PTA, Extra-anatomic grafts
Term
T/F
Flow separation is an complication of graft failure.
Definition
False it is normal proximal and distal to grafts.
Term
Velocities of ____-____cm/sec equate greater than ___% stenosis.
A decrease in velocites less than __cm/sec peak.
Definition
150-180cm/sec, 50%, 40cm/sec
Term
Intravascular US-
Better resolution due to __________ _____ capabilities.
Definition
increased frequency.
Term
IVUS- is most common for ________.
Definition
coronary.
Term
Most common IVUS catheter type _______.
Definition
Phased array.
Term
Phased array- <__-__MHz
(Has, doesnt have) moving parts
Definition
15-25MHz, Doesnt have
Term
IVUS is best when cath tip is (perpendicular, parallel) to vessel wall. Best image upon (insertion, withdrawl)
Definition
Parallel, withdrawl.
Term
Which array has more ring down artifacts?
______ causes crustal to "ring".
Definition
Phased array, Excitation.
Term
Image Creep-
________ when rotation is too _______.
Definition
Mechanical, slow
Term
Compression is caused from ________ of ____ ______, and it ___________ disease.
Definition
Friction of drive shaft. underestimates
Term
Angular distortion from drive shaft rotation is _________ and it __________ disease.
Definition
expansion, overestimates
Term
Plaque classified-
echolucent-
soft echos-
bright echos-
bright echos with shadowing-
Definition
liquid deposits,
fibrous plaque with lipids,
collagen rich with fibrous plaques,
calcified.
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