Term
Compartment Syndrome is due to the fact that facial bounds of the muscle compartment are _____ and with enough pressure they can effectively _______ cappilary pressure and stop _______ flow to _______ ______. |
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Definition
inelastic, counter, nutrient, muscle cells. |
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Term
Also called compartment ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Compartment syndrome doesnt lead to venous outflow problems. |
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Definition
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Term
Can be caused by swelling of _______ ______ ______ ________ within the compartment. |
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Definition
skeletal soft muscle tissue |
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Term
What is the most common cause of soft muscle swelling? |
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Definition
Post traumatic crush injury or a closed fracture. (results in cellular swelling that causes muscle ischemia) |
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Term
An early symptom- Late symptom- |
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Definition
neurologic paresthesias muscle infection (due to lack of blood flow), this can progress to organs from metabolic toxins |
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Term
Clinical signs of compartment syndrome |
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Definition
severe pain, distal motor dysfunction, weakness, numbness, tender to palpation. |
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Term
T/F Finding normal phasic tibial vein flow when scanning the calf muscle compartment effectively rules out elevated tissue pressures. |
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Definition
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Term
What vessels get compressed first, second, and then third as pressure increases |
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Definition
capillary beds, veins, then arteries |
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Term
___________ is performed to relieve pressure. If nothing is done, __________ could be a result. |
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Definition
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Term
How many types of popliteal artery entrapment: which one involves medial looping around and under head of gasstroc's |
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Definition
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Term
what type is when the artery is compressed by accessory slip of muscle from medial head. |
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Definition
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Term
what type is when the gastroc arises from a more lateral point and the pop a. passes more laterally and under muscle |
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Definition
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Term
what type is when the pop a. is entrapped by a deeper popliteus muscle or fibrous band. |
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Definition
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Term
What type is when both the pop a. and v. are envolved? |
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Definition
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Term
What type is related to hypertrophy of muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
Pop entraptment- Stage 1: Stage 2: Stage 3: |
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Definition
1- adventitial thickening and fibrosis 2- smooth muscle replaced with collagen 3- degenerative process (can lead to arterial thrombosis) |
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Term
Pop entraptment clinical findings |
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Definition
coldness, rest paint, claudication, sudden onset during intense LE activity, claudication, usually in young men. |
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Term
T/F Popliteal entrapment is usually bilateral |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Pulses are only present with dorsiflexion or plantar flexion |
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Definition
False, only present at rest |
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Term
Doppler during dorsi and planter flexion - ____x systolic velocity is significant for positive |
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Definition
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Term
Usually always ________ repaired by ________ of the _______ _________. |
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Definition
surgically, transection, medial head |
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Term
3 things to find when mapping vein. |
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Definition
patency, diameter, length |
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Term
What is the vein of choice? What is the second choice? _______ or ______ if needed. |
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Definition
GSV, LSV, Basilic and cephalic. |
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Term
When vein mapping, mark every ____ to ____ cm. |
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Definition
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Term
Subdermal- subcutaneous- subfascial- |
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Definition
under the skin beneath layers of skin beneath fascia |
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Term
Vein of 2.5 mm by US can dialate to ____mm under arterial pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
Arterial bypass is most successful with inflow ________ and patent __________ distally. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Bypass halts disease progress |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Dacron is generally rejected and is made of knitted fabric |
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Definition
False, it is made of knitted fabric, but it is not rejected generally. |
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Term
T/F Synthetic grafts are more suitable for large vessel bypass |
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Definition
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Term
________ will form in a _______ manner over the inner diameter of the graft material. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Synthetic are able to reproduce similar elastic recoil |
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Definition
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Term
<____mm vein is not a viable option for arterial bypass |
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Definition
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Term
Autografts and recipient site: Internal Iliac- External Iliac- |
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Definition
Renal or visceral. Carotid, renal, com. fem, popliteal |
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Term
T/F Composite graft usually have a autogenous vein proximally and prosthetic distally. |
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Definition
False. Autogenous distal and prosthetic proximally. |
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Term
Composite grafts are used when- |
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Definition
quality or length of native vein is not sufficient. |
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Term
Early thrombosis complications: |
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Definition
Technical error, poor runoff, poor inflow, hypotension, |
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Term
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Definition
Anastomotic neointimal hyperplasia, progression of atherosclerosis, vein graft intimal thickening |
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Term
Early infection (common/uncommon) caused by ___________. Late infection is commonly ____________. |
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Definition
uncommon, virulent pathogens. staphylococcus commonly. |
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Term
Most serious complication in aortic bypass surgeries ____________ ________. This is a direct communication between _________ and _______ _____ in aorta. |
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Definition
aortoenteric fistula, bowel, suture line. |
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Term
T/F Can cause injury lymphatic system and cause LE edema. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F A complication of grafts can cause sexual dysfunction. |
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Definition
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Term
Graft surveillance- ___ year patency rate _________ post op. __-__ weeks __ months __ months Every __ to __ months after if no complications. |
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Definition
5, immediately, 3-6, 3, 6, 6 to 12. |
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Term
Early graft failure <__ days post op late >__ days post op Thrombosis as early as ___ hours post op |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Thrombectomy, Extension of graft, patch graft, PTA, Extra-anatomic grafts |
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Term
T/F Flow separation is an complication of graft failure. |
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Definition
False it is normal proximal and distal to grafts. |
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Term
Velocities of ____-____cm/sec equate greater than ___% stenosis. A decrease in velocites less than __cm/sec peak. |
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Definition
150-180cm/sec, 50%, 40cm/sec |
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Term
Intravascular US- Better resolution due to __________ _____ capabilities. |
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Definition
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Term
IVUS- is most common for ________. |
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Definition
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Term
Most common IVUS catheter type _______. |
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Definition
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Term
Phased array- <__-__MHz (Has, doesnt have) moving parts |
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Definition
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Term
IVUS is best when cath tip is (perpendicular, parallel) to vessel wall. Best image upon (insertion, withdrawl) |
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Definition
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Term
Which array has more ring down artifacts? ______ causes crustal to "ring". |
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Definition
Phased array, Excitation. |
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Term
Image Creep- ________ when rotation is too _______. |
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Definition
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Term
Compression is caused from ________ of ____ ______, and it ___________ disease. |
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Definition
Friction of drive shaft. underestimates |
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Term
Angular distortion from drive shaft rotation is _________ and it __________ disease. |
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Definition
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Term
Plaque classified- echolucent- soft echos- bright echos- bright echos with shadowing- |
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Definition
liquid deposits, fibrous plaque with lipids, collagen rich with fibrous plaques, calcified. |
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