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CCC - Directional Terms & Cardinal Planes
PTA Fall 2011
38
Other
Undergraduate 1
09/02/2011

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Term
Superior
Definition
the upper part, above
Term
Inferior
Definition
toward the lower part, below
Term
Cranial
Definition
towards the head, closer to the head
Term
Caudal
Definition
towards the feet, closer to the feet
Term
Anterior
Definition
the front of the body, nearer to the front of the body
Term
Posterior
Definition
the back of the body, nearer to the back of the body
Term
Medial
Definition
nearer to the midline of the body of structure
Term
Lateral
Definition
farther from the midline of the body of structure
Term
Proximal
Definition
nearer to the point of origin or attachment
Term
Distal
Definition
farther from the point of origin or attachment
Term
Ipsilateral
Definition
on the same side of the body
Term
Contralateral
Definition
on the opposite side of the body
Term
Dorsal
Definition
on or towards the back surface of the body
Term
Ventral
Definition
on or towards the front surface of the body
Term
Flexion
Definition
movement of one bone on another bringing the ventral surfaces of adjacent segments closer together and decreasing the angle between two articulating bones
Term
Extension
Definition
movement of one bone on another bringing the dorsal surfaces of adjacent segments closer together and increasing the angle between two articulating bones
Term
Hyperextension
Definition
continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position
Term
Abduction
Definition
movement away from the midline of body or structure
Term
Adduction
Definition
movement toward midline of body or structure
Term
Horizontal Abduction
Definition
with shoulder flexed 90 degrees, movement away from midline
Term
Horizontal Adduction
Definition
with shoulder flexed 90 degrees, movement toward midline
Term
Circumduction
Definition
motion in a circular cone shaped pattern that combines the motions of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
Term
Radial Deviation
Definition
wrist abduction or when the hand moves laterally or towards the thumb side
Term
Ulnar Deviation
Definition
wrist adduction or when the hand moves medially or toward the little finger side
Term
Medial/Internal Rotation
Definition
anterior surface of structure moves toward midline
Term
Lateral/External rotation
Definition
anterior surface of structure moves away from midline
Term
Supination
Definition
movement of the forearm so that the palm faces forward or anterior
Term
Pronation
Definition
movement of the forearm so that the palm faces backward or posterior
Term
Dorsiflexion
Definition
extension of the ankle, bending of the foot toward the upper surface
Term
Plantarflexion
Definition
flexion of the ankle, bending of the foot toward the sole
Term
Inversion
Definition
movement of the foot at the ankle so that the sole faces toward the midline
Term
Eversion
Definition
movement of the foot at the ankle so that the sole faces away from the midline
Term
Lateral Flexion
Definition
movement of the trunk or head causing bending towards the right or the left
Term
Protraction
Definition
movement away from the midline in a plane that is parallel to the ground
Term
Retraction
Definition
movement toward the midline in a plane that is parallel to the ground
Term
Sagittal
Definition
divides body into right and left halves
Term
Frontal
Definition
divides body into front and back
Term
Transverse
Definition
divides body into upper and lower halves
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