Your new computer has Megabyte of RAM. How many bytes is this?
Definition
50,000,000
Term
A patient in acute pulmonary edema should be positioned in a
Definition
Sitting up Fowler’s position
Term
After an accidental needle stick from the needle used on an infected patient which bloodborne pathogen poses the greatest risk of infection to health care workers
Definition
Hepatitis B
Term
The opening in a single use sterile femoral drape sheet is called a
Definition
Fenestration
Term
To help irritation of mucous membranes with oxygen therapy, the oxygen gas should be:
Definition
Humidified
Term
Expressed in exponential scientific notation, 1540 equals:
Definition
1.54 x 10(³)
Term
Large molecules can only pass through a plasma membrane into the cell with the expenditure of ATP. The type of active transport in which the cell wall inaginates and takes up the molecule is termed:
Definition
Endocytosis
Term
What coronary artery normally supplies the inferior wall of the LV?
Definition
Right coronary artery
Term
An example of organic molecule synthesis is the formation of glycogen from glucose. This form of metabolism is termed:
Definition
Anaerobic
Term
What is the most common DC electric power source?
Definition
Battery
Term
Calculate the wavelength of a 1.5 megahertz ultrasound wave;
Definition
.001 Meter
Term
The physical quantity frequency Standard International (SI) units of measure is:
Definition
Hertz
Term
The main processing chip in computer that tells it what to do is the:
Definition
CPU
Term
In the USA most electrical wall outlets provide:
Definition
Term
The flow of electric current is measured in:
Definition
Amperes
Term
Which of these coronary occlusions results solely in a RV Myocardial Infarction?
Definition
Term
The forward theory of heart failure states that an insufficient cardiac output tends to cause:
Definition
Term
In CHF, elevation of Ventricular End Diastolic Pressure (LV-EDP) increases ventricular performances but in the long term leads to deleterious:
Definition
Term
The classic arterial pulse of aortic valve incompetence (AR) is:
Definition
Bounding (Corrigan’s) pulse
Term
The most common cause of death in the U.S. is:
Definition
Coronary artery disease
Term
All of the following are clinical manifestation of shock EXCEPT:
Definition
Term
Chronic mitral stenosis patients are prone to develop a “2nd stenosis” termed:
Definition
Reactive pulmonary hypertension
Term
In the USA the most common form of Aortic valve stenosis in younger patients under 70 years old is:
Definition
Term
What is the natural; history of untreated aortic stenosis patients that begin to develop symptoms such as angina of syncope?
Definition
Term
Heart failure is an abnormal state of cardiac function which fails to meet the needs of metabolizing tissues or can only meet them with:
Definition
Term
In response to an acute MI the LVs first hemodynamic compensatory mechanism is to _______ LV End diastolic PRESSURE and ________LV end diastolic VOLUME:
Definition
A)
Term
At rest the mean PA wedge pressure can be evaluated by monitoring the PA-EDP through a deflated Swan-Ganz catheter. This is possible because the PA end diastolic pressure is normally and consistently __________ the mean wedge pressure.
Definition
1-4 mmHg higher than
Term
Inspiration normally results in a/an ___________ RA venous return, and a/an RV stroke volume?
Definition
Increased, Increased
Term
What is the first embryologic step in separation of the atria from ventricular chambers? This process begins with two growths, one from each interventricular groove, that join to form a column of tissue. This column of tissue splitting the stream of blood flowing from atria to ventricle is termed the
Definition
Term
The pharmo-mechanical response to any substance secreted into the blood stream by an endocrine gland is termed:
Definition
Term
Which coronary artery normally supplies the AV mode?
Definition
Term
Mild depression in ventilation (hypoventilation) results in all the following EXCEPT:
Definition
Decreased pCO₂
Term
Insulin secretion causes a/an ________ by accelerating it’s the absorption into the muscle cells and other tissues
Definition
Term
What is the effect of reducing cycle length (increasing HR0 on the effective refractory period? With shorter cycle lengths the ventricular ERP ______ and the AV nodal tissue ERP ________,Ventricular, AV Nodal
Definition
Decreases, increases
Term
What area of the brain regulates pericpheral vascular resistance?
Definition
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius area in the medulla
Term
The anatomy of the two autonomic nervous systems differ. The sympathetic system originates mostly from the _________, and the parasympathetic (vagal) system originates from___________
Definition
Term
“Shelf-life” is the length of time a sterilized pack may be considered “sterile.” What is the shelf-life of items in a single cloth wrap?
Definition
Not sterile
Term
Where do the bronchial veins normally empty?
Definition
Term
Where is the SA node?
Definition
Within the Crista Terminalis
Term
Normal interventricular conduction proceeds from the bundle of HIS through three major fascicles. All of the following are major interventricular fascicles EXCEPT the:
Definition
Term
A group of similar cells grouped to perform a body function are called a(n)?
Definition
Term
The impulse’s principal delay in the passage from the SA node to the ventricular myocardial cells occurs in the
Definition
Term
Which virus is commonly transmitted by food workers who fail to wash their hands?
Definition
Term
The greatest danger of accidental electric micro shock to patients in the cath lab is:
Definition
Term
If the following items appear in your patient’s health history, which one is most significant in terms of predisposing her to hypertension
Definition
Having two grandparents who died of the disorder
Term
Where should you start the IV when a radial artery catheterization is scheduled?
Definition
Contralateral arm
Term
Using the powers of ten, 0.000000133 equals
Definition
Term
A CV tech uses ½ his vacation time fishing, 1/5 his vacation time visiting relatives and ¼ of it camping. What part of his vacation time was left to relax at home?
Definition
1/20
Term
Which prefix below is correctly arranged from largest to smallest?
For maximum electrical safety, ECG monitored patient’s should be __________, and the monitor chassis should be _________ or nonconductive.
Definition
Ungrounded, Grounded
Term
When obtaining a patient’s blood pressure the first clear tapping sound you hear is called the:
Definition
Systolic pressure
Term
Heparin acts on a thrombus by helping to:
Definition
Term
Movement of small molecules across plasma membranes AGAINST a concentration gradient requires expenditures of ATP. This type of movement is termed:
Definition
Term
The normal adult female hematocrit averages
Definition
40%
Term
What ion rushes across the myocardial cell embrane during phase 0 of the action potential?
Definition
Sodium rushes in
Term
Normal interventricular conduction proceeds from the bundle of HIS through three major fascicles. All of the following are major interventricular fascicles EXCEPT the
Definition
Term
Thrombolytic drugs are currently being used to treat:
Definition
Ischemic stroke
Term
What coronary artery normally supplies the inferior wall of the LV?
Definition
Right coronary artery
Term
The flow of electric current is measured in:
Definition
Amperes
Term
What type of sensor is used in a thermodilution to detect temperature changes?
Definition
Thermistor
Term
The period of an ultrasound wave is determined by the :
Definition
Source (transducer)
Term
As the frequency of ultrasound increases its:
Definition
Resolution increases
Term
The elimination of vibrations at certain frequencies is accomplished through the use of electronic devices known as:
Definition
Term
The electric quantity Charge Standard International (SI) unit of measurement is:
Definition
Term
The speed of an ultrasound wave varies. Which tissues blow would conduct sound with an increasing propagation speed?
Definition
Term
Effective sterilization by autoclave depends on adequate:
Definition
Temperature and time
Term
A type of memory that cannot have information written to it, is termed:
Definition
ROM
Term
Hypoxemia is often associated with MI. One way the Oxygen transport system compensates during stress is to increase 2-3 DPG levels. This shifts the O2 dissociation curve to the right causing the Hgb to have
Definition
Term
The “widow maker” lesion is a stenosis in which coronary artery?
Definition
Main stem left
Term
During exercise the sympathetic fibers produce VENOUS _________ which _________ cardiac filling pressure
Definition
Venoconstriction;increases
Term
As acidosis increases in acute respiratory failure patients, the neutral stimuli cause the respirations to
Definition
Term
Blood “Type A” contains what factor on RBC membranes
Definition
Antigen A
Term
Sympathetic nervous stimulation of the heart primarily affects the heart rate by altering what phase of the SA node action potential?
Definition
Term
Bicarbonate function as a base by
Definition
Removing free H+ ions from solution
Term
What coronary artery normally supplies the right bundle branch?
Definition
LAD
Term
What area of the brain regulates pericpheral vascular resistance?
Definition
Term
Where will the mean QRS axis be directed in severe “Left Ventricular Hypertrophy”?
Definition
0 to -90ᵒ
Term
What is Atropine’s effect on the autonomic nervous system?
Definition
Term
If an embolus were to lodge in the distal posterior descending coronary artery at the crux, which segment of the heart would suffer damage?
Definition
Term
Mitral Stenosis pathology is classified as:
Definition
Term
he acute Pulmonary Edema pattern of “shock lung” or “ARDS” often found in the “non-cardiac” forms of shock is associated with:
Definition
Increased capillary permeability
Term
A patient has severe aortic stenosis, LVH and is in sinus rhythm. The PA wedge pressure tracing will likely show.
Definition
Term
A patient with Infective Endocarditis also has MVP and MR if vegetaations are present, they would most likely be attached to the
Definition
Term
A patient has severe aortic stenosis, LVH and is in sinus rhythm. The PA wedge pressure tracing will likely show.
Definition
Term
In CHF, elevation of Ventricular End Diastolic Pressure (LV-EDP) increases ventricular performances but in the long term leads to deleterious:
Definition
Venous congestion
Term
Which condition below is associated with elevated venous pressure, edema, ascites and renal failure?
Definition
Term
The DYNAMIC systolic ejection murmur and bisfierens pulse shown is most common in _______ cardiomyopathy?
Definition
Term
Heart failure is an abnormal state of cardiac function which fails to meet the needs of metabolizing tissues or can only meet them with:
Definition
increased venous pressure
Term
Of the following factors the one that has the LEAST effect on most adult patient’s resting blood pressure is:
Definition
Term
All the following are important when moving a patient from the bed to a wheelchair EXCEPT?
Definition
Term
A patient in acute pulmonary edema should be positioned in a
Definition
Term
Which of the following blood lipoproteins is believed to have a protective preventative effect on development of Atherosclerotic Heart diesese?
Definition
High Density Lipoproteins
Term
Movement of small molecules across plasma membranes AGAINST a concentration gradient requires expenditures of ATP. This type of movement is termed:
Definition
Active transport
Term
To hlpe irritation of mucous membranes with oxygen therapy, the oxygen gas should be:
Definition
Term
Administration of IV fluids to a patient with a vasovagal reaction will normally ______ cardiac output and ______heart rate:
Definition
Increase CO, Increase HR
Term
When increased hydrostatic pressure pushes plasma out of the capillary it may enter the interstitial space and cause edema. What normally happens to this excess volume of plasma?
Definition
Removed by lymphatic system
Term
When using alcohol base hand rubs prior to gowning and gloving for a heart cath, all the following are true EXCEPT:
Definition
Term
Increasing the frequency if ultrasound improves all of the following EXCEPT:
Definition
Term
Calculate the wavelength of a 1.5 megahertz ultrasound wave;
Definition
Term
Which of the following will shift the oxyhemoglobin curve to the right and facititate O2 unloading in the tissues?
Definition
Acidosis
Term
A blood clot is a combination of which two below?
Definition
Thrombin, fibrinogen
Term
Which of the following ions has the greatest concentration inside the resting cardiac muscle cell:
Definition
Chloride
Term
During exercise the sympathetic fibers produce VENOUS _________ which _________ cardiac filling pressure
Definition
Venoconstriction;increases
Term
The diaphragmatic surface of the LV is also called the
Definition
Term
What is the lowest intracellular membrane potential of normal SA node automatic cells?
Definition
Term
In a normal patient with a fixed cardiac output the mean arterial blood pressure is determined chiefly by
Definition
Term
What is the normal anatomic position of the Aorta and IVC in relation to the backbone? Normally the Aorta descends to the ________ of the vertebral column and IVC comes up the ________ side of the vertebral column
Definition
Left, Right
Term
What is the effect of reducing cycle length (increasing HR0 on the effective refractory period? With shorter cycle lengths the ventricular ERP ______ and the AV nodal tissue ERP ________,Ventricular, AV Nodal
Definition
Term
Moist or crackling rales in CHF are auscultatory sounds heard best at the:
Definition
Term
Heart failure is an abnormal state of cardiac function which fails to meet the needs of metabolizing tissues or can only meet them with
Definition
Term
A pansystolic heart murmur occurs between what heart sounds?
Definition
Term
Which of the following mechanism is thought to close the coronary artery in acute myocardial infarction?
Definition
Thrombus formation on top of a plaque lesion
Term
In CHF, elevation of Ventricular End Diastolic Pressure (LV-EDP) increases ventricular performances but in the long term leads to deleterious:
Definition
Term
Chronic mitral stenosis patients are prone to develop a “2nd stenosis” termed:
Definition
Term
Bacterial endocarditis is commonly associated with a patient history of:
Definition
Term
Using the powers of 0.000000133 equals
Definition
1.33x 10(-7)
Term
How long is one Micron ?
Definition
10-6
Term
find the value of (5/4)³
Definition
1.95
Term
the sum of all the values in a set of numbers divided by the number of valves in the set is the:
Definition
mean
Term
divide 1/2 by 1/50
Definition
25
Term
solve 1/2+3/4-5/6=
Definition
5/12
Term
gas tank holds 20 gallons. when 1/4 full how many gallons are needed to fill tank?
Definition
15
Term
Scan African American patient for cyanosis
Definition
oral mucosa
Term
dependent edema siagns and symptoms
Definition
swollen legs
Term
to avoid injury to yourself, use your strongest muscles while lifting & positioning patients.
Definition
core lumbar spinal areas
Term
acute signs of stroke EXCEPT
Definition
severe cp or left arm pain
Term
The greatest danger of accidental electric micro shock to patients in cath lab
Definition
stimulating ventricular fibrillation
Term
where is the point of maximum intensity (PMI) normally seen and felt?
Definition
LV apex
Term
according to the joint commisiion a pre-cath "time-out" should do all of the following except?
Definition
include the major team members in the case
Term
which federal agency creates regulations to protect "patient's right"
Definition
HIPPA
Term
Infiltration of fluids or blood around the arterial or IV access site is termed:
Definition
extravasation
Term
the primary purpose for placing immune suppressed patients in reverse (protective ) isolation is to help prevent microorganisms from reaching
Definition
the immune suppressed patient
Term
patient's right include all of the following EXCEPT
Definition
possession their medical images
Term
your patient has a latex allergy. what should be avoided because it typically contains rubber?
Definition
swan-ganz catheter
Term
most invasive malpractice claims could be avoided by
Definition
better communication with the patient
Term
least effect on most adult patient's resting blood pressure is
Definition
sitting or lying down when obtaing the BP
Term
Factors which may precipitate angina pectoris include all of the following EXCEPT
Definition
alcohol consumption
Term
criteria that identifies, measures, monitors, and evaluates patient care come from
Definition
quality assurance progams
Term
your patient is in A-FIB. for the most accurate HR
Definition
Count pulses for 1 min
Term
In general when selecting an IV site in the arm at the beginning of a case start with the
Definition
most peripheral (distal) site
Term
when obtaining a patient's BP the first clear tapping sound you hear is called the
Definition
systolic pressure
Term
In the ICU when recording an intracardiac ECG from a pacing electrode or pericardiocentesis needle, it is safest to
Definition
use a battery powered monitor
Term
when a patient goes from sinus rhythm into A-fib and the heart rate stays the same, the cardia output is excepted to decrease 15-20%
Definition
Term
all of the following medication are intropic agents used in the treatment of HF EXCEPT
Definition
Verapamil (Isoptin)
Term
The ___ returns deoxygenated blood from the myocardium in the ___.
Definition
coronary sinus / RA
Term
What does a high arterial PH (e.g. 7.60) indicate?
Definition
deficiency of H+ ions
Term
what valvular event is most closely associated with the dicrotic notch on the PA pressure tracing?
Definition
closure of pulmonic valve
Term
which of the below is NOT one of the 3 things which changes the rate (automaticity) of automatic cells?
Definition
unidirectional block
Term
What valvular event is most closely associated with the dicrotic notch on the PA pressure tracing?
Definition
closure of pulmonic valve
Term
which of the below is NOT one of the 3 things which changes the rate (automaticity) of automatic cells?
Definition
unidirectional block
Term
The sino-atrial node serves as the pacemaker in the normal heart because it
Definition
has the highest inherent rate
Term
what is the lowest intracellular membrane potential of normal SA node automatic cells?
Definition
- 60 mV
Term
Arterial Pluse Pressure is defined as the
Definition
difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
Term
all of the following may lead to respiratory acidosis except?
Definition
deficiency of CO2 production
Term
plasma contains what % of water
Definition
92 %
Term
which valve is normally the first to open in systole and the last to close at the end of systole?
Definition
pulmonic
Term
what is the effect of reducing cycle length (increasing HR on the effective refractory period)? With shorter cycle lengths the ventricular ERP ___ and the AV nodal tissue ERP ___, ventricular, AV nodal
Definition
decreases / increases
Term
the formula to calculate CO is
Definition
CO==SVxHR
Term
compared to myocardial cells, SA node cells are prone to a faster ___ becasue of their steeper phase ___.
Definition
automaticity / 4
Term
A major CA which passed beneath a segment of contracting myocardium may be obstructed during systole. This is called
Definition
myocardial bridge
Term
the pericardium is normally filled with ___ ml of clear serous fluid
Definition
10-50 ml
Term
which hemodynamic parameter best evaluated ventricular preload?
Definition
LVDDP
Term
What element in the hemoglobin molecule combines chemically with oxygen
Definition
Iron (FE)
Term
respiratory faliure allows which of the following acids to accumulate
Definition
carbonic acid
Term
basal metabolic rate is most closely correlated with
Definition
BSA
Term
where do the bronchial veins normally empty?
Definition
PV
Term
Which drug is a positive inotrope?
Definition
Dopamine
Term
compared to normal intracellular contents, a hypertonic solution will have a ___ solute concentration and a ____ osmolarity
Definition
higher / higher
Term
the branch of the conduction system feeding the moderator band is the
Definition
RBB
Term
A blood sample is obtained from your untreated CHF patient for determination of serum electrolytes. You can expect that she is likely retaining excessive amounts of the electrolyte
Definition
sodium
Term
Heparin acts on a thrombus by helping it to
Definition
prevent from getting bigger
Term
Index hemodynamic parameters like "stroke index" are corrected for the pt's
Definition
BSA
Term
MOST ANTERIOR CARDIAC CHAMBER
Definition
RV
Term
which of the following chambers is a mean pressure NEVER recorded?
Definition
AO
Term
what is the process by which water diffuses across a semipermeable membrane into an area of higher concentration
Definition
osmosis
Term
the rate of diffusion of a gas in a liquid increases with all of the following except it's
Definition
molecular weight
Term
where is the SA node located?
Definition
within the Crista Terminalis
Term
The outerlayer of the LV (beneath the pericardial fluid ) is called
Definition
epicardium
Term
gas exchange across the alveolar capillary membrane is accomplished by what mechanism?
Definition
diffusion
Term
injured endothelium tends to collect a "white clot" formed from
Definition
platelets or thrombocytes
Term
non-compensated pauses are most often seen after a ___ and compensatory pauses are seen after a
Definition
PAC, PVC
Term
parietal and visceral pericardial tissue are forms of
Definition
serous membranes
Term
If a thrombus in the left common iliac vein becomes disloged in which capillary bed it will lodge ?
Definition
lungs
Term
blood enzyme marker s for cardiac damage in acute MI include all of the following except
Definition
glucose-6-phosphates (G6P)
Term
The most common lipid lowering agents are
Definition
pravastatin and lovastatin
Term
the heart rate and respiratory rhythmic centers of the brain are located in the
Definition
medulla oblongata
Term
what type of muscle cells do the walls of the digestive tract, urinary bladder and blood vessels contain?
Definition
smooth muscle
Term
LAD coronary artery occlusion may lead to all of the following except
Definition
sinus of Valsalva AV fistula
Term
mortality in untreated cardiogenic shock with pump failure is approximately
Definition
100%
Term
In CHF, elevation of LVEDP increases ventricular performances but in the long term leads to deleterious
Definition
venous congestion
Term
currently the gold standard treatment for atherosclerotic stenosis of the common carotid bifurcation is
Definition
carotid endarterectomy
Term
the primary complaint of people with significant MS are
Definition
SOB, dyspnea
Term
acute pulmonary edema occurs when there is inadequate emptying of the
Definition
LV
Term
Congestive dilitation of the LV may also dilate the MV annulus, resulting in
Definition
MR, and a systolic murmmur
Term
a special type of angina at rest caused by SPASM of a CA is termed
Definition
prinzmetal of variant angina
Term
which type of prosthetic valve does NOT usually require anticoagulation
Definition
carpentier- edwards, hancock porcine valve
Term
which of the following valve diseases causes LV pressure overload?
Definition
AS
Term
Death of heart tissue due to occlusion of the CA is called
Definition
MI
Term
Which of the following ECG changes results from acute myocardial INJURY?
Definition
ST segment
Term
Mitral Stenosis pressure curves show all of the following EXCEPT?
Definition
Isometric diastolic gradient
Term
Acute MI of the posterial lateral wall of the LV is associated with obstruction of what CA
Definition
CX
Term
What is the most common location for a LV aneurysm following acute MI ?
Definition
Anterior / apical wall
Term
what type of chamber enlargement is associated with MR
Definition
LA dilatation
Term
In severe AI the presystolic apical rumble commonly heard is called
Definition
Austin Flint Murmur
Term
A patient has coarctation of the AO near the ligamentum arteriosus. When compared to the Rt. carotid pulse wave _____ pressure wave is reduced in pressure and delayed in time
Definition
Rt. Femoral
Term
HF is an abnormal state of cardiac function which fails to meet the needs of metabolizing tissues or can only meet them with
Definition
increased venous pressure
Term
what is the naturla history of untreated AS in pt's that begin to develop symptoms such as angina of syncope?
Definition
sudden death is likely within 3 yrs
Term
all of the following hemodynamic signs are associated with advanced constrictive pericarditis except
Definition
pulsus paradoxus
Term
stable angina is
Definition
angina brought on by exertion, relieved by rest or nitro-g
Term
septal muscle fiber "disarray" is common finding in
Definition
HCM
Term
In pt's with chronic MS the ___ muscle mass is usually___
Definition
LA / enlarged
Term
a child with rheumatic fever won't have
Definition
cyanosis
Term
In pt's with acute MR the PA wedge pressures usually show a diagnostic
Definition
large V wave
Term
which of the following is considered the primary cause of LV hypertrphy without dilataion?
Definition
increased pressure load
Term
as pericardial effusion progresses to tamponade what happens to the CVP (RA) and systemic BP
Definition
Increased CVP, decreased BP
Term
Which condition below is associated with elevated venous pressure , edema, ascites and renal failure
Definition
hypovolemia
Term
beta blockers are potentially dangerous to
Definition
patients with a history of asthma
Term
the only blood component neither seen nor measured
Definition
thrombocytes
Term
which of the following would most likely to reduce afterload
Definition
nitrates
Term
what artery supplies the anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Definition
popliteal
Term
SA node lies at the junction of the
Definition
SVC and RA
Term
In sinus rhythm the wave excitation is delayed in the AV node in order to
Definition
allow atrial contraction to fill ventricles
Term
the normal valves for PR interval and QRS duration respectively are PR< ___ sec, and QRS ___ sec
Definition
.20 and less than .12
Term
how does Ca++ ions entering the cardiac cell facillitate actin-myosin crossbridge coupling and systolic contraction
Definition
Ca++ combines with troponin -C which uncovers the troponin sites on the actin molecule
Term
pacemaker cells decrease their HR after a period of rapid artificial pacing called
Definition
overdrive suppression
Term
the maximum slope of the LV pressure curve
Definition
dP/dt
Term
occlusion of the mid RCA would cause infarction of the LV
Definition
INFERIOR WALL (diaphragmatic surface)
Term
If all other factors are held constant, increasing ___ will decrease CO
Definition
afterload
Term
3.2 10 (1) x 4.4 10²
Definition
1.408 x 10³
Term
subtract 3/4 from 9/10
Definition
3/20
Term
causes of hypovolemic shock may include all except
Definition
CHF
Term
Stenosis of a valve eventually causes proximal ___ and regurg usually causes proximal ___
Definition
hypertrophy , dilatation
Term
a common sigh of right sided CHF
Definition
Neck veins
Term
the conus CA frequently collaterilzes to the
Definition
LAD
Term
What is the first embryologic step in separation of the atria from ventricular chambers? This process begins with two growths, one from each interventricular groove, that join to form a column of tissue. This column of tissue splitting the stream of blood flowing from atria to ventricle is termed the
Definition
endocardial cushion
Term
The greatest expenditure of O2 during the cardiac cycle is used to
Definition
build up LV pressure (isometric contraction)
Term
increased barroreceptor stimulation ___ sympathetic tone and __ parasympathetic neural activity
Definition
decreases / increases
Term
In ventricular activation, the first structure to contract is the _____, which prevents eversion of the ____ valves.
Definition
pap. muscles, AV
Term
diabetic coma results from an excess accumulation in the blood of
Definition
ketones from rapid fat breakdown causing acidosis
Term
normal fetal shunt between AO and PA is termed the ____ and it shunts blood in a ___direction before birth
Definition
PDA, R-L
Term
What is the effect of pressing on the neck at the junction of the internal and external carotid arteries. ( Carotid Sinus massage)?
Definition
- chronotropic
Term
SA and AV node depolarization ( action potential upstroke) comes through
Definition
Ca++ slow channel
Term
LV contractility is a measure of the hearts _________ state
Definition
dromotropic
Term
High blood PCO2 and low pH levels result in:
Definition
increased oxygenation of tissues
Term
During ACLS certain drugs may be given by the endotracheal route. Which of the following should not be given via the ET tube?
Definition
dopamine
Term
You observe a muscle tremor artifact on ECG leads I and II but NOT on lead III. Which ECG electrode is probably causing this artifact?
Definition
right arm
Term
the expected effect of calcium channel blocker is
Definition
vasodilation
Term
Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing
Definition
carbon
Term
The expected blood volume of an average 20 Kg child is:
Definition
1.4 liters
Term
The risk of contracting a disease by performing mouth to mouth resuscitation is quite small> Patient’s with which disease would be most contagious to health care givers giving mouth to mouth ventilation?
Definition
tuberculosis
Term
One indicator if cardiogenic shock is
Definition
oliguria
Term
all of the following are important when moving a patient from the bed to a wheelchair except
Definition
as you support the patient, twist at your waist while moving him onto the wheelchair
Term
The term “thrill” is used to describe which of the following
Definition
a palpable heart sound or murmur
Term
the period of an ultrasound wave is determined by the
Definition
source (transducer)
Term
You are gowned and gloved. The operating physician has just scrubbed and enters the lab looking at you. All of the following statements are true regarding gowning him EXCEPT:
Definition
place the folded gown into the hands of the Dr.
Term
Which of the following is NOT an acceptable wrapper for gas sterilized items?
Definition
nylon
Term
When doing a surgical scrub, how high should you scrub, up your arm?
Definition
scrub to 2 above the elbow
Term
which of the following is the only acceptable plastic wrapper for steam sterilized items?
Definition
polypropylene
Term
After a brief period of severe coronary ischemia the LV dysfunction may gradually improve over a period of hours. This gradual return toward normal describes:
Definition
stunned myocardium
Term
In CHF, elevation of Ventricular End Diastolic Pressure (LV-EDP) increases ventricular performances but in the long term leads to deleterious:
Definition
venous congestion
Term
Which of the following murmurs is most consistent with aortic stenosis (AS
Definition
diamond-shaped ejection murmur radiating toward the neck
Term
The classic arterial pulse of aortic valve incompetence (AR) is
Definition
bounding (Corrigan's) pulse
Term
Atherosclerosis is best defined as:
Definition
deposits of fatty plaques within arterial lumen
Term
Which cardiac enzyme peaks late, usually 3-4 days after myocardial infarction
Definition
LDH
Term
Which type of AR has the highest LV-edp?
Definition
severe acute AR
Term
The most commonly occurring value in an array of values is known as the
Definition
mode
Term
Expressed in exponential scientific notation, 1540 equals:
Definition
Term
What does the MKS system use as the basic unit of distance?
Definition
meter
Term
Express 30,800,000 in the scientific exponential notation system
Definition
3.08 10+(7)
Term
Find the value of (5/4)³
Definition
1.95
Term
Thrombolytic drugs are currently being used to treat
Definition
Ischemic stroke
Term
What normally causes the patent foramen oval to close at birth?
Definition
Term
Bile is synthesized by the
Definition
liver
Term
How does a PVC normally effect the blood pressure? The systolic BP associated with the PVC will ________ in pressure, and the following sinus beat will ______in pressure.
Definition
decrease, increase
Term
Splitting of the S2 sound during inspiration is due to a delay in:
Definition
Term
The formula for Compliance is
Definition
Term
In the cath lab which patient would be most susceptible to infection?
Definition
Heart transplant patients
Term
The force which initiates the flow of electric current is termed
Definition
voltage
Term
The most complete, practical, efficient, and inexpensive method to sterilize metal instruments involves:
Definition
steam heat
Term
Which of the below is NOT one of the 3 things which changes the rate (automaticity) of automatic cells?
Definition
Unidirectional block
Term
The flat upper plateau on the Oxygen dissociation curve indicates that with normal arterial blood O2 levels
Definition
O2 administration normally will NOT significantly improve o2 saturation
Term
Alterations in heart rate evoked by changes in blood pressure are dependent upon the baroreceptors located in the
Definition
Term
As acidosis increases in acute respiratory failure patients, the neutral stimuli cause the respirations to
Definition
Term
As acidosis increases in acute respiratory failure patients, the neutral stimuli cause the respirations to
Definition
Term
After the newborn takes its first breath and the umbilical cord is tied the right sided pressures will drop. This drop in pressure change normally causes immediate closure of the
Definition
Ostium secundum
Term
The actual amount of O2 carried in blood (in vol %) is defined as the Oxygen:
Definition
content
Term
Cardiac cells contain both transverse tubules (TT) and longitudinal tubules (LT) for the transfer of _________ ions to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Definition
CA++
Term
Which branch of the Left Coronary Artery is nearest the backbone in most oblique X-ray views
