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| 1. (001) How many degrees centigrade does the temperature decrease per 1,000 meters of altitude in the troposphere? |
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| 2. (001) The stratosphere is characterized by |
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| D. a temperature that remains isothermal to about 100,000 feet, the strongest concentration of ozone, and excellent flying conditions. |
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| 3. (002) Above 13 miles, the radiation from the sun breaks down the oxygen in the atmosphere into |
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| 4. (002) Which statement best describes water vapor in the atmosphere? |
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| C. The more water vapor, the lighter the air will be. |
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| 5. (003) The two atmospheric gases most responsible for the absorption of incoming solar radiation are |
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Definition
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| 6. (004) The driving mechanism that is mainly responsible for the earth’s large-scale atmospheric circulations is the |
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| A. unequal heating of the earth. |
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| 7. (005) Which force is described as any center-seeking force |
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| 8. (005) Which force is the “equal and opposite reaction” to the center-seeking force? |
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| 9. (005) Centrifugal force (CeF) will increase when there is a decrease in |
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Definition
| D. the radius of rotation. |
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| 10. (005) Coriolis force (CoF) is created by |
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Definition
| A. the cyclonic rotation of the earth. |
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| 11. (005) If you throw a ball towards a stationary target from the window of a speeding vehicle, coriolis force (CoF) will cause the ball to miss the target |
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| 12. (006) The force what is responsible for starting the horizontal movement of air over earth’s surface is |
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Definition
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| 13. (006) The balance of forces needed for gradient cyclonic circulation is pressure gradient |
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Definition
| C. balanced against coriolis and centrifugal forces. |
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| 14. (007) The areas of low pressure that correspond to the belt of low pressure at 60 ̊ N created by the 3-cell circulation are the |
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Definition
| B. Icelandic and Aleutian lows. |
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| 15. (008) In relation to the jet core, the greatest vertical wind shear is usually located |
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Definition
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| 16. (008) In relation to the jet core, the greatest horizontal wind shear is usually located |
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Definition
| B. north of the jet core. |
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| 17. (009) The simplest method for locating the 500 millibar frontal zone is to |
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Definition
| C. locate the position of the -17 ̊ Centigrade isotherm. |
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| 18. (009) The width of the jet stream core is approximately equal to the |
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Definition
| A. width of the 500 millibar isotherm ribbon. |
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| 19. (010) Where are the greatest velocities located in relation to the subtropical jet (SJT)? |
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| B. In the region of confluence of the STJ and PFJ. |
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Definition
| B. suggest that the jet stream is beginning to dissipate. |
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| 21. (011) Converging contours downstream of the jet stream will cause the jet to |
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Definition
| C. deflect toward lower heights. |
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| 22. (012) Using average surface frontal slopes, how far ahead of the surface warm front is the jet stream located? |
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| 23. (013) Which heat transfer process involves the transfer of energy by molecular motion from hot to cold objects? |
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| 24. (013) Advection transfers temperature |
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Definition
| B. horizontally by the wind. |
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| 25. (014) What factors must a region possess in order to facilitate air mass formation? |
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Definition
| A. Uniform surface, stagnant air, and large-scale diffluent flow. |
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| 26. (014) Which process is most responsible for the slow formation of air masses in the polar region? |
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| A. Loss of heat by radiation. |
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| 27. (015) Air mass stability characteristics often depend on the temperature difference between the |
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Definition
| C. air mass and the surface over which it is traveling. |
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| 28. (015) How would you classify a stable air mass that formed over land in the Arctic has now moved over the ocean’s warmer surface? |
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| 29. (015) What air mass classification signifies an unstable, maritime tropical air mass that is colder than the surface it is moving over? |
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| 30. (015) What air mass classification signifies a stable, continental polar air mass that is warmer than the surface it is moving over? |
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| 31. (015) What air mass forms over land only during the summer? |
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| 32. (016) As an air mass is heated from below, there will be increased |
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Definition
| D. instability and an increased lapse rate. |
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| 33. (016) It is winter. A cPk air mass is moving over the Great Lakes. In this situation, the southern shores of the Great Lakes will experience |
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| 34. (016) Which air mass involves most of the wintertime storms for the North American Pacific coast? |
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Definition
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| 35. (017) Continental tropical air masses are usually associated with |
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Definition
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| 36. (017) The rate that an air mass modifies depends on the |
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Definition
| D. temperature differences between the new surface and the air mass, the nature of the surface over which it moves, and the speed with which the air mass travels. |
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| 37. (017) The weather characteristics of a particular month in a given locality are governed by |
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Definition
| D. effects of local topography and proximity to a zone of convergence. |
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| 38. (018) Surface pressure changes are largely controlled by |
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Definition
| A. mass changes in the upper troposphere. |
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| 39. (018) Horizontal divergence within an air mass will |
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Definition
| D. vertically contract the original column of air and then expand it horizontally. |
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| 40. (018) As air converges at the surface and toward the center of a layer, there will be horizontal |
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Definition
| B. contraction and vertical expansion. |
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| 41. (018) An increase of mass in a column of air will cause the surface pressure to |
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Definition
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| 42. (019) In the chimney effect, the maximum upward vertical wind motion will be located |
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| D. at the level of non divergence (LND). |
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| 43. (019) The primary cause of surface pressure changes for a dynamic low is net |
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Definition
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| 44. (019) The damper effect is comprised of upper-level |
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Definition
| D. convergence and surface high pressure. |
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| 45. (020) A low-pressure system undergoing cyclogenesis is said to be |
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Definition
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| 46. (020) When the central pressure of an anticyclone is rising, you can infer the anticyclone is |
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Definition
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| 47. (020) A high-pressure system undergoes anticyclolysis when the clockwise circulation area |
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Definition
| A. decreases or disappears. |
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| 48. (020) An unstable wave cyclone is one where the amplitude |
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Definition
| D. increases with time and the wave deepens. |
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| 49. (020) After warm air with an unstable wave is pushed aloft and cuts off from a cyclone, the cyclone will become |
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Definition
| D. barotropic and begin to fill. |
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| 50. (021) Unstable waves are classified as |
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Definition
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| 51. (021) In the baroclinic instability process, |
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Definition
| B. potential energy is transferred to the major short wave by thermal advection. |
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| 52. (021) When using Petterssen’s rule, the factors needed for cyclogenesis are upper-level |
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Definition
| C. divergence and a frontal zone where thermal advection is weak. |
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| 53. (021) What causes the surface low to deepen during the self-development process? |
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Definition
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| 54. (021) A low dissipates after proceeding through its entire life cycle which ranges from the |
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Definition
| C. bottom up as boundary layer convergence adds mass to the column of air. |
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| 55. (021) How many stages are there in the life cycle of a low? |
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Definition
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| 56. (021) In the life cycle of a low, the system will evolve into a cold barotropic low in the |
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Definition
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| 57. (022) Anticyclongenesis typically occurs at, and just downstream from, long-wave |
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Definition
| C. ridges under confluent flow aloft. |
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| 58. (022) What causes a surface high to build during the self-development process? |
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Definition
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| 59. (022) Which is primarily responsible for low-level divergence acting as a braking mechanism for a high? |
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Definition
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| 60. (023) A warm barotropic high is a type of pressure system that |
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Definition
| B. has great vertical extent and is usually found over water areas. |
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| 61. (023) In regards to types of pressure systems, a heat low is a |
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Definition
| D. warm barotropic low that forms during the summer. |
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| 62. (024) With the passage of a cold front in the Northern Hemisphere, the horizontal wind direction will |
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Definition
| C. shift in a clockwise direction. |
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| 63. (024) The cold conveyor belt originates in the low levels that are located |
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Definition
| B. east of a low center and flow westward. |
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| 64. (025) The average slope of a cold front is |
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Definition
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| 65. (025) A warm frontal occlusion occurs when the cool air |
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Definition
| C. behind the cold front overrides the colder air ahead of the warm front. |
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| 66. (025) In comparison to an active cold front, an inactive cold front is characterized by a relatively |
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Definition
| C. steeper slope, a narrow weather pattern, and is called katafront. |
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| 67. (025) When an inactive front passes your station, the dew points will |
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Definition
| B. decrease sharply with the passage. |
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| 68. (025) When only high and middle clouds are associated with a warm front, the |
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Definition
| C. overrunning warm air is dry. |
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| 69. (025) In a cold occlusion, the coldest air is found |
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Definition
| A. behind the cold front. |
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| 70. (025) In a cold occlusion, which type of front, if any, is found aloft? |
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Definition
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