Term
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Definition
earwax
secreted by the apocrine glands in the distal third of the canal; provides an acidic pH environment that inhibits the growth of microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| a dense fibrous ring that surrounds the tympanic membrane in the ear |
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Definition
| concave center of the tympanic membrane that is attached to the malleus |
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Definition
| the tense part of the tympanic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| the more flaccid part of the tympanic membrane |
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Term
| connections of the bones of the middle/inner ear |
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Definition
| tymmpanic membrane --> malleus --> incus --> stapes --> oval window of inner ear |
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Term
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Definition
| the lateral curve of the opening of the nares; made of cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| the medial part of the opening of the nares; made of cartilage and located just below the tip of the nose |
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Term
| which bones form the nasal bridge? |
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Definition
| frontal and maxillary bones |
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Term
| what does the inferior meatus drain? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the medial meatus drain? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the inferior meatus drain? |
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Definition
| the posterior ethmoid sinus |
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Term
| which sinuses are accessible for physical examination? |
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Definition
| only the maxillary and frontal sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
| parotid gland outlets that open on the buccal mucosa opposite the second molar on each side of the upper jaw |
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Term
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Definition
outlets of the sumbandibular glands
open on each side of the frenulum under the tongue |
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Term
| when does the development of the inner ear develop? |
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Definition
| during the first trimester |
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Term
| when do the frontal and sphenoid sinuses develop? |
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Definition
| they begin to develop at about 3 years and complete development in late adolescence |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| misalignment of the teeth that can affect mastication |
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Term
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Definition
| aminoglycosides, salicylates, furosemide, streptomyocin, quinine and cisplatin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a thickening along the upper ridge of the helix (external ear)
expected variation |
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Term
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Definition
small, whitish uric acid crystals along the peripheral margins of the auricles
may indicated gout |
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Term
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Definition
| elevations in the skin with a punctum indicating a blocked sebaceous gland |
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Term
| Which ethnic group commonly have wet cerumen? |
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Definition
| whites and african americans |
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Term
| Which ethnic group commonly have dry cerumen? |
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Definition
| Asians and Native Americans/American Indians |
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Term
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Definition
| used to test membrane mobility and the middle ear space |
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Term
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Definition
tests unilateral hearing loss
put tuning fork () on top midline of the head |
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Term
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Definition
determines whether the pt has better bone or air conduction in the ears. Air-conducted sound should be heard twice as long as bone conducted sound (2:1 ratio). Test bone conduction by placing tuning fork on the mastoid bone
Rinne negative = bone conduction longer than air conduction in affected ear |
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Term
| nasal discharge seen in allergies |
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Definition
| bilateral watery discharge and associated sneezing and nasal congestion |
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Term
| nasal discharge seen in cerebrospinal fluid leakage |
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Definition
| unilateral watery discharge occuring after head trauma |
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Term
| nasal discharge seen in epistaxis or trauma |
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Definition
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Term
| nasal discharge seen in rhinitis or upper respiratory infection |
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Definition
| bilateral mucoid or purulent discharge |
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Term
| nasal discharge seen when there is a foreign body in the nose |
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Definition
| unilateral, purulent, thick, greenish malodorous discharge |
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Term
| signs of cocaine "snorting" |
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Definition
rhinorrhea, hyperemia, and edema of the nasal mucosa
chronic use = scabs on nasal mucosa, decreased perception of taste and smell and perforation of the nasal septum |
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Term
| Purulent discharge from the nose can be associated with what? |
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Definition
| URI, sinusitis or a foreign body |
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Term
| localized redness and swelling in the vestibule of the nasal cavity may indicate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| tubinates that appear bluish gray or pale pink may indicate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| should the anterior nasal septum be thicker or thinner than the posterior nasal septum? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a significant finding when transilluminating the maxillary and frontal sinuses? |
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Definition
asymmetry of the response
opaque or dull response indicates that either the sinus is filled with secretions or never developed. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
deep fissures at the corners of the mouth
may indicate riboflavin deficiency or overclosure of the mouth |
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Term
| signs of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome present in the mouth |
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Definition
| round, oval, or irregular bluish gray macules on the lips and buccal mucosa |
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Term
| Three classes of malocclusion |
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Definition
class I = molars are okay, but the line of occlusion is incorrect because of rotation or malpositioned teeth
Class II = lower molars are distally positioned in relation to upper molars
Class III = lower molars are medially positioned in relation to the upper molars |
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Term
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Definition
ectopic sebaceous glands that appear on the buccal mucosa and lips as numerous small, yellow-white, raised lesions
expected variant found in the mouth |
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Term
| a red spot on the buccal mucosa at the opening of the Stensen duct is associated with what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| on the buccal mucosa appear as white, round, or oval ulcerative lesions with a red halo |
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Term
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Definition
| a thickened white patch lesion that cannot be wiped away; a premalignant oral lesion |
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Term
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Definition
| a localized gingival enlargement or granuloma; usually an inflammatory instead of neoplastic change |
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Term
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Definition
a diffuse filmy grayish surface with white streaks, wrinkles, or milky alteration, and is an asymptomatic benign lesion of the buccal mucosa
normal variant
found in a majority of blacks and 50% of children |
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Term
| when do you see gingival enlargement? |
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Definition
| pregnancy, puberty, vitamin C deficiency, with certain medications and in leukemia |
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Term
| what may a smooth, red tongue with a slick appearance indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a mucocele that may be seen the floor of the mouth when the duct of a sublingual salivary gland is obstructed |
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Term
| what is a high risk site of oral cancer? |
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Definition
| the vermilion border of the lips |
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Term
| oral manifestations of HIV |
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Definition
| oral hairy leukoplakia, angular cheilitis, candidiasis, Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster, apthous ulcers, peridontal disease, Kaposi sarcoma |
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Term
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Definition
| in the mouth, incompletely formed blood vessels proliferate, forming lesions of various shades and size as blood extravasates in response to the malignant tumor of the epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
a bony protuberance that occurs bilaterally on the lingual surface of the manidble, near the canine and premolar teeth
an expected variant in 7-10% of the population |
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Term
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Definition
| a normal variant in some Native American/American Indians but it may also be a sign of a submucous cleft palate |
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Term
| what does a yellowish mucoid film on the tongue suggest |
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Definition
| typical of postnasal drip |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small, whitish-yellow masses a the juncture between the hard and soft palate; common in infants and disappear after a few weeks after birth |
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Term
| how do you tell the difference between a red tympanic membrane caused by crying or one caused by disease? |
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Definition
pneumatic otoscope
motility of membrane = caused by crying
no mobility = disease |
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Term
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Definition
| compulsive, unconscious grinding of the teeth |
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Term
| mottled or pitted teeth in children often suggest what? |
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Definition
| tetracycline treatment during tooth development or enamel dysplasia |
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Term
| chalky white lines or speckles on the teeth of children suggest what? |
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Definition
| excessive floride treatment |
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Term
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Definition
specks with a red base onthe buccal mucosa opposite the first and second molars
occur with rubeola (measles) |
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Term
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Definition
oral tissue becomes drier
commonly seen in old age |
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Term
| which type of ear infection has an abrupt onset, fever, feeling of blockage, anorexia and irritability? |
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Definition
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Term
| which type of ear infection initially reveals sticking or cracking sound on yawning or swallowing? |
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Definition
| otitis media with effusion |
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Term
| which type of ear infection has watery discharge that later becomes purulent and thick? |
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Definition
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Term
| which type of ear infection has conductive hearing loss caused by exudate and swelling of the ear? |
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Definition
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Term
| which type of ear infection demonstrates a tympanic membrane that is retracted or bulging with impaired mobility and is yellowish in color? |
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Definition
| otitis media with effusion |
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Term
| which type of ear infection shows distince erythema and thickened and cloudy tympanic memembrane? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| trapped epithelial tissue behind the tympanic membrane that is often the result of untreated or chronic recurrent otitis media; can enlarge and perforate the tympanic membrane, invading the inner ear |
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Term
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Definition
reduced transmission of sound to the middle ear
causes = cerumen impaction, otitis media with effusion, infection, foreign body, cholesteatoma, stiffing of the ossicles or ostosclerosis
S/O data = pt speaks softly (hears his own voice through bone conduction); neg Rinne test and lateralization to affected ear with Weber test |
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Term
| Sensorineural Hearing loss |
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Definition
A disorder of the inner ear, damage to cranial nerve VIII, genetic disorders, systemic disease, ototoxic medication, trauma, tumors and prolonged exposure to music
S/O data = Rinne positive, lateralization to unaffected ear, loss of high frequency sounds |
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Term
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Definition
A disorder of progressive hearing loss that in some cases has a genetic mode of transmission
cause = inadequate absorption of endolymph fluid by the endolymph sac or an abnormal endolymph drainage system --> excess flows into the perilymphatic fluid space and depolarizes the nerves
S/O data = vertigo (sudden onset), hearing loss, tinnitus, sensitivity to sound, imbalance, nystagmus |
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Term
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Definition
the illusion of rotational movement by a pt, often due to a disorder of the inner ear
2 types:
1. Acute vestibular neuronitis
2. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo |
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Term
| Acute vestibular neuronitis |
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Definition
inflammation of the vestibular nerve following an acute viral upper respiratory infection
S/O data = spontaneous episodes of vertigo, difficulty walking, nausea and vomiting, horizontal nystagmus, staggering gait |
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Term
| Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo |
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Definition
otolith fragments gravitate into the semicircular canal and cause vertigo with head movements
S/O data = episodes of vertigo with head or body movements, lasts less than a minute, may have no physical findings, rotary nystagmus with Dix-Hallpike maneuver |
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Term
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Definition
A bacterial infection of the paranasal sinuses
S/O data = URI that worsens after 5 days and persists for at least 10 days, frontal headache, facial pain and toothache, persistent cough, purulent nasal discharge, tenderness and swelling over sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
infection of tonsils or posterior pharynx by microorganisms such as:
group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
other streptococci species
Neisseria gonorrhea
mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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Term
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Definition
A deep infection in the space between the soft palate and tonsil
S/O data = dysphagia and drooling, severe sore throat with pain radiating to ear, pain is worse on one side, malaise and fever, unilateral red and swollen tonsil, trismus, fetid breath |
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Term
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Definition
| spasm of masticator muscles |
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Term
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Definition
A life-threatening infection in the lateral pharyngeal space that has the potential to occlude the airway and most commonly occurs in children
causes = trauma to the posterior pharyngeal wall, dental infection, or other pharyngeal infection; streptococci or staphylococcus aureus
S/O data = recent URI, drooling, anorexia, pain in the neck and jaw with referral to ear, will not move neck, trismus |
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Term
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Definition
most often = squamous cell carcinoma (originates in the basal cell layer of the oral mucosa)
S/O data = ulcerative lesions (red or white), painless sore in mouth that does not heal, red or white patch, tooth mobility, firm, nonmoible mass |
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Term
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Definition
A chronic infection of the gums, bones, and other tissue that surround and support the teeth
S/O data = red and swollen gums that bleed easily, teeth sensitivity to temperature or hurt when eating, deep pockets between teeth, loose or missing teeth, halitosis |
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Term
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Definition
this most common craniofacial congenital malformation is the result of the lip or palate failing to fuse during embryonic development prior to the 12th week of gestation
S/O data = difficulty suckling, failure to gain weight, apparent at birth, may be unilateral or bilateral |
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