Term
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Definition
-all organisms are made of one or more cells
-cells are the smallest unit of life
-all cells come from preexisting cells |
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Term
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Definition
-made of phospholipids and proteins
isolate cell content
regulates what comes in/out of cell
communicates with surroundings other cells |
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Term
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Definition
single celled
do not have nucleus or organelles
smaller than eukaryotes
Achaea and bacteria domains |
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Term
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Definition
like bacteria; prokaryote charateristics
like eukaryotes:ribosomes
Archaea only:unique molecules in cell membrane:cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
cell wall: made of peptidoglycan
unique shape such as sphere, rod , and corkscrew |
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Term
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Definition
fluid and structures inside plasma membrane
cytosol:water and molecules
structure with special functions |
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Term
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Definition
uni or multi cellular
have nucleus and organelles
may have cell wall
larger than prokaryotes
are fungi, protest, animals, plants in Eukarya domain |
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Definition
surrounds plasma membrane
protects cell
shapes cell
keeps cell from bursting
lets small substances move in/out of cell: only in plants |
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Definition
opening in cell wall
lets connected cells send materials signals back and forth |
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Term
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Definition
structural frame of cell;made of proteins
microfilament-thinnest actin proteins
intermediate filament various proteins
microtubule; thickest tubulin protein
plants and animals |
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Term
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Definition
hair-like structures that propel cell or move material near cell: made of microtubules
cilia: short numerous hairs
flagella: long few hairs
animals |
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Term
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Definition
pair of microtubule barrels
-organize cytoskeleton and cell division
animals |
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Term
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Definition
stores DNA makes rRNA; control center of cell
nuclear envelope; double membrane with pores
nucleolus; site of rRNA, ribosome synthesis
both plants and animals |
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Term
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Definition
makes protein for cell: made of proteins rRNA
free floating in cytoplasm
attached to organelle
both plants and animals |
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Term
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Definition
| area for specialized cell functions with own membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| organelles that work together to make, package and ship molecules |
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Term
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Definition
make modify, transport proteins and lipids; near nucleus
vesicles send finished products to Golgi apparatus
both plants and animals |
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Term
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Definition
| folds and modifies proteins made by ribosome embedded on surface |
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Term
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Definition
| No ribosome surface; makes lipids |
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Term
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Definition
final processing center for molecules stack of flat sacs
complete assembly
sort, package products into vesicles
direct vesicles to correct location
both plants and animals |
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Term
| where does Golgi apparatus send products |
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Definition
-kept and used in cell
-becomes part of cell membrane
-secreted for use outside of cell |
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Term
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Definition
breaks down food' destroys cells or old organelles; sac of enzymes and acid
animals |
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Term
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Definition
degrades toxic products
both plants and animals |
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Term
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Definition
| large vesicles for storage |
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Term
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Definition
holds food engulfed by cell fuses with lysosome
animals |
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Term
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Definition
regulates amount of water in cell by contracting
protist |
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Term
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Definition
stores water sugars salts pigments; presses plasma membrane against cell wall
plants |
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Term
energy center
mitochondrion and chloroplast |
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Definition
-extract/store energy for cell
-have membranes within membranes
-have own DNA
-Have on ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
stores light energy in glucose
-outer membrane
-inner membrane
plants |
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Term
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Definition
| membranes folded into disc |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
uses energy in food to produce most of a cells atp
-outer membrane, folded inner membrane ( cristae)
-intermembrane space
-matrix
plants and animals |
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Term
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Definition
big prokaryote engulfed small energy producing prokaryotes
prokaryotes grew dependent on each other
small prokaryotes became mitochondrion and chloroplast organelles ;large prokaryotes became a eukaryotic cell |
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Term
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Definition
pilus: connects cells together to exchange genetic material
glycocalyx- protects cell helps it to stick to surfaces. |
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Term
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Definition
nucleoid- area where DNA lies in cytoplasm when there is no nucleus
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes |
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Term
| common features in all cells |
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Definition
cell membrane
cytoplasm
genetic material
ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| lipid with hydrophilic head and 2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails |
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Term
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Definition
2 layers of phospholipids with heads facing out and tails facing each other
arranged so the tails do not interact with watery fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes, receptors, recognition, connection, transport |
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Term
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Definition
| speed up reaction on surface |
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Term
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Definition
| activates when specific signal molecule binds, triggers reaction in cell |
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Definition
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Definition
| anchor cell by attaching membrane to other structures |
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Definition
| control movement of molecules across membrane |
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Term
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Definition
ability of substances to enter or leave cell through membrane
selective- only certain things can pass through |
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Term
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Definition
| difference in amount of substance across the membrane; more on one side than the other |
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Term
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Definition
random movement of molecules from high to low concentration, distributed evenly
rate of diffusion increase with smaller molecules size, steep gradient, higher temperatures, or hydrophobic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
molecules move down gradient from high to low concentration, no extra energy required |
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Term
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Definition
substances move directly through membrane without help
small hydrophobic molecules gases |
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Term
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Definition
transport protein helps substance move through membrane
large or hydrophobic molecules |
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Term
| transport membrane proteins |
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Definition
| carrier, channel, aquaporin |
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Term
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Definition
| binds substance, changes shape to transport it |
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Definition
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Definition
| channel for water molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion of water from low to high concentration if substances cant pass through membrane, to make each side equal |
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Term
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Definition
| concentration outside and inside are the same; no net flow; cell same |
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Term
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Definition
| higher concentration outside cell water flows leave cell ;cell shrank |
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Term
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Definition
| lower concentration outside cell water flows in cell cell grows |
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Term
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Definition
central vacuole expands pushing cell membrane against cell wall
-central vacuole has salt, sugar, other substances; available water rushes into the vacuole |
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Term
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Definition
| substances move against gradient from low to high concentration, extra energy required; proteins used to maintain gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| plasma membrane engulfs substances into cell forms vesicles |
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Term
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Definition
| engulfs fluids dissolved substances |
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Term
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Definition
| engulfs large solid objects, cells |
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Term
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Definition
vesicle fuses with plasma membrane to expel contents outside cell
-for secretions waste products |
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Term
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Definition
| connects cell at intermediate filaments; strong attachments |
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Term
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Definition
| stitches cells together; prevent substances from passing between them |
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Term
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Definition
connects cells with channel proteins; lets small substances pass between cells
-similar to plasmadesmata in plant cells |
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