Term
| What are the major parts of a light microscope? |
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Definition
| The major parts of a light microscope are the eyepiece, the nosepiece, the high and low powe objective lenses, the objective lenses, stage clips, stage slide, light dource, the arm, the coarse adjustment knob, the fine adjustment knob, the diaphragm, and the base. |
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Term
| What are the functions of the major parts of a light microscope? |
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Definition
| The eyepeice contains the ocular lense and magnifies 10, the body tube supports the ocular lens, the arm supports the microscope when carried, the nose piece holds the high and low objective lenses, can be rotated to change magnification. the high power objective magnifies the specimen more and the low objective magnification magnifies the specimen more, the course adjustment moves the stage up and down for focusing, the fine adjustment moves the stage slightly to sharpen the image, the stage supports the slide being viewed, the stage clips holds the slide in place, the diaphragm regulates the amount of light on a specimin, the light source projects light up through the diaphragm, specimen, and lenses. The base supports the microscope. |
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Term
| What are the three parts of the cell theory? |
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Definition
1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
2. All living things are made up of cells
3.All living cells arise from pre-existing cells |
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Term
| Who are two people that contributed to the cell theory? |
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Definition
| Rudolph Virchow and Theodore Schwann |
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Term
| What are the organelles found in a prokaryotic cell? |
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Definition
| The organelles found in a prokaryotic cell are the nucleoid region and plasmids, the cell membrane, the cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes, capsule, pili, and prokaryotic flagella. |
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Term
| What is the composition of these organelles of a prokaryotic cell? |
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Definition
| The cell membrane is made up of phospholipids and proteins, the cell wall is made up of cellulose, the cytoplasm is made up of water and other dissolved molecules, the ribosomes are made up of rna and proteins, the capsule are made up of polysaccharides, the pili are made up of a long polysaccharide chain, and prokaryotic flagella are made up of the protein flagellin. |
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Term
| What is the function of the organelles of a prokaryotic cell? |
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Definition
| The function of the cell membrane is to allow substances in and out of the cell, the cell wall provides structural support, the cytoplasm contains the organelles, the ribosomes produce proteins, the capsule protects the cell and allows survival, the pili allow the cell to adhesive to another cell, and flagella allows movement. |
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Term
| What are the organelles contained in a eukaryotic cell? |
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Definition
| Nucleus, ribosomes, rough er, smooth er, golgi bodies, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromatin, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, mitochondrion, chloroplast, microfilaments, microtubules, flagella, cilia, centrioles, lysosomes, peroisomes, and vacuoles. |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of a nucleus? |
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Definition
Composed of Chromatin (DNA+Proteins)
Function- controls cellular activities because DNA contains instructions for making all proteins in a cell |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of a ribosome? |
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Definition
| It is composed of RNA + proteins and the function is to manufacture proteins by following instructions found in the DNA |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of a rough er? |
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Definition
| The composition of the rough er is membranes and ribosomes. the function is to make proteins that will be insterted into membrane, it modifies proteins that will be transported to other organelles or secreted. |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of a smooth er? |
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Definition
| the composition is membranes. the function is to detoxify drugs in the liver cell, stores calcium in muscle cell, adn it contains enzymes to make fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids. |
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Term
| What is the compostition and function of the golgi body? |
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Definition
Composition- membranes
Function- receives, sorts, and packages molecules received by ER so that they can be sent to their proper destinations |
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Term
| What is the function and composition of the cell membrane? |
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Definition
Function- Controlls what enters and exits the cell
Composition- Phospholipids and proteins |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of the cytoplasm? |
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Definition
Composition- Water and dissolved molecules
Function- Where many cell processes occur |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of the chromatin? |
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Definition
Comp.- Dna and proteins
Funct.- Contains all the directions needed to make proteins |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of a nucleolus? |
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Definition
Comp.- DNA and proteins
Funct.- Building blocks of ribosomes are produced here and exit nucleus via nuclear pores |
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Term
| What is the comp. and funct. of the nuclear envelope? |
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Definition
Comp.- Phospholipids and proteins
Funct.- Double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials and molecules into and out of the nucleus |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of the mitochondrion? |
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Definition
Comp- Membranes
Funct- Cellular respiration |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of the chloroplast? |
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Definition
Comp- Membranes
Function- Where photosynthesis occurs in a plant cell |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of microfilaments? |
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Definition
Comp- Globular actin protein
Function- Provides support to cell's shape, pinch cells in half, allow induvidual cells to change shape and move. |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of the microtubules? |
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Definition
Composition- Globular tubulin proteins
Function- supports cell's shape, anchor organelles, acts as a track to allow organelles to move around |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of the flagella and cilia? |
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Definition
Function- Movement
Composition- Microtubules surrounded by plasma membrane |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of the centrioles? |
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Definition
Composition- Microtubules surrounded by plasma membrane
Function- Helps assemble microtubules |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of the lysosomes? |
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Definition
Comp- Membranes
Function- Contains digestive enzymes to digest food, bacteria, or damaged cell parts |
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Term
| What is the composition and function of the peroxisomes? |
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Definition
The composition is membranes
Function is that it contains enzyme catalase which breaks down poisonous hydrogen preoxide(created by cells) into water and oxygen |
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Term
| What is comp. and func. of vacuoles? |
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Definition
| made of membranes, stores water and food |
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Term
| Give examples of prokaryotes and eukaryotes? |
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Definition
Prokaryotes- Bacteria,archea
Eukaryotes- Protists, mushroom, humans |
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Term
| What organelles are shared between prokaryotes, eukaryotic animal, and eukaryotic plant cells? |
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Definition
| They all have ribosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA of some form. The euk. animal cells and prokaryot cells both have flagellum. The euk. plant cells and prokaryotic cells both have a cell wall. |
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Term
| What organelles are different between euk. plant, animal, and prokaryotic cells? |
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Definition
| Eukaryotic plant cells have the central vacuole, tonolast, and plasmodesmata. THe animal eukaryot cells have cilia and food vacuole. |
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Term
| Define a secreted protein. |
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Definition
| How a protein is released form the cell to follow a specific path. |
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Term
| What is the first step of protein secretion? |
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Definition
| RNA is transcribed in the nucleus from DNA |
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Term
| what is the second step of protein secretion? |
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Definition
| RNA exits cell and the RNA is made into a polypeptide chain by the ribosomes that are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
| What is the third step of protein secretion? |
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Definition
| The polypeptide passes through the ER, where it folds into the 3D shape |
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Term
| What is the fourth step of protein secretion? |
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Definition
| The polypeptide often becomes a glycoprotein because of sugar links |
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Term
| What is the fifth step of protein secretion? |
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Definition
| The glycoprotein leaves the ER in a transport vesicle and moves to the golgi for further modifications. |
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Term
| What is the sixth step of protein secretion? |
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Definition
| The golgi receives the glycoprotein and chemicaly modifies and stamps it for its final destination |
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Term
| What is the seventh step of protein secretion? |
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Definition
| The protein travels to its specific destination (i.e plasma membrane) in a transport vesicle to be relesed outside of cell. |
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