Term
| Scanning Electron Microscope |
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Definition
Gives a detailed study of the specimens surface
Excites the electrons on the specimens surface
Collects the electrons and focuses them on a screen
Shows depth and field in 3D
Kills specimens
Capable of magnifying to more than 250,000X |
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Term
| Transition Electron Microscope |
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Definition
Shows the internal ultrastructure of cells
Uses an electron beam in a thin section, made from electromagnets
Focuses and magnifies the image by bending the electron paths |
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Term
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Definition
AKA-Binocular
Has an ocular and objective lens for the eye
Has a low magnification level, but is good for viewing large, opaque specimens in 3D |
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Term
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Definition
A type of cell fractionation
Can spin as fast as 130,000 rpm (approximately 1,000,000 Gs)
Breaks cells apart without damaging organelles
Starts slowly, then speeds up as unwanted materials are sorted out of the cell |
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Term
| Microdissection instruments |
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Definition
Tiny instruments
Used with the aid of a microscope
Can be used to transplant organelles from cell to cell |
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Term
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Definition
Helps to make cell structures clearly visible
Due to different chemical makeups, cetain stains will only be absorbed by certain parts of the cell
Different color stains may be used to color other parts of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
No bound nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles
Smaller than eukaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
Have a true nucleus
A plasma membrane on their outer surface
An internal membrane which partitions the cell into compartments
Larger than prokaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
| A membrane that encloses the cell |
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Term
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Definition
Outer layer that holds the shape of the cell
Only in plants
Made of cellulose, polysaccharides, and protein
Protects the cell from mechanical damage |
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Term
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Definition
Includes:
Chromatin
Consists of DNA and proteins, visible as separate chromosomes when the cell divides
Nucleolus
Organelle that helps make ribosomes
Non membranous
Cell can have one or more
Nuclear envelope
Two tier membrane with pores that protect the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| The semi-fluid substance that holds the organelles |
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Term
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Definition
Includes Both:
Smooth
Makes lipids
Metabolizes carbohydrates
Detoxifies drugs and poisons
Takes calcium to and from muscles
Makes hormones and enzymes
Rough
Secretory proteins
Glycoproteins
Other hormones and proteins
Uses transport vesicles
Grows in place by adding proteins and phospholipids |
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Term
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Definition
Made of ribosomal RNA and protein
Carry out protein synthesis
There are two types:
Free
Float in the Cytosol, used inside the Cytosol
Bound
Attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope
Proteins made are
Inserted into membranes
Packaged within organelles
Exported from the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated |
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Term
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Definition
| Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelle active in synthesis, sorting, and secretion of cell products |
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Term
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Definition
Food vacuoles
Formed by phagocytosis (pinching off food)
Contractile vacuole
Pumps excess water out of a cell
Central vacuole
Is in mature plant cells
Enclosed by tonoplast |
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Term
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Definition
Organelle with various specialized metabolic functions
Produces hydrogen peroxide |
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Term
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Definition
A fiber of the cytoskeleton
Thickest type of cytoskeleton fiber
Hollow rods or tubes
Made of tubulin
Give the cell shape and support
Tracks for locomotive organelles
Separation of chromosomes during cell division |
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Term
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Definition
Made of actin
Twisted double chains of actin
Bear the tension of the cell structure
Acts by itself or with myosin to cause cell contraction
In the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells |
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Term
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Definition
An organelle found in only plants and photosynthetic protests
Absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water |
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Term
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Definition
One of a family of closely related plant organelles
Includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts(leucoplasts) |
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Term
| Intercellular junctions in plants |
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Definition
Organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems
Help integrate cells into higher levels of structure and function
Perforated with channels called plasmodesmata
Cytosol passes through these pores |
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Term
| Intercellular junctions in animals |
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Definition
Organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems
Help integrate cells into higher levels of structure and function
Three types
Tight junctions
The membranes of neighboring cells are fused
Desmosomes
Fasten cells together into strong sheets
Gap junctions
Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells |
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Term
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Definition
Contain chloroplasts
Is perforated with plasmodesmata
Has a cell wall
Has a central vacuole and tonoplast
Have no lysosomes
Have no centrioles
Have no flagella |
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