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Cells and Anatomic Definitions
Cincinnati Fire Department - Paramedic Class 02
117
Anatomy
Professional
02/05/2009

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Term
homeostasis
Definition
The body's attempt to maintain a constant state of equillibrium
Term
Negative Feedback System
Definition
Takes a problem and immediately fixes it through other systems (i.e. for low blood sugar body releases glucagon, for high sugar it releases insulin)
Term
Positive Feedback System
Definition
Amplifies a product, continually adding to it and intensifying (i.e. cut yourself then body steps up platelets... adds more and more in order to clot)
Term
"Stay Alive"
Definition
A cell's #1 goal
Term
"Perform it's function"
Definition
A cell's #2 goal
Term
Tingling/numbness
Definition
nerve cells that are spread out... what do you feel?
Term
Coronal(frontal) plane
Definition
Separates body front & back
Term
Transverse plane
Definition
Separates body upper and lower halves
Term
Cephalid
Definition
Above the transverse plane and towards the head
Term
Cephalid
Definition
Above the transverse plane and towards the head
Term
Cauded
Definition
Below the transverse plane & towards the feet
Term
Ventral/Anterior
Definition
Towards the front of the body
Term
Dorsal/Posterior
Definition
Towards the back of the body
Term
Midclavicular line
Definition
Line drawn from middle of clavicle straight down
Term
Midline
Definition
Separates the body into equal left and right halves
Term
Solid organs
Definition
These organs split and bleed(i.e. liver)
Term
Solid organs(i.e. liver)
Definition
These organs split and bleed
Term
Hollow organ(i.e. small intestine)
Definition
These organs burst and spill contents
Term
Positive Murphy's Sign
Definition
Gall bladder pain, 1 finger right of xyphoid process
Term
Gall Bladder
Definition
Organ that breaks down fat molecules, produces bile
Term
McBernies Point
Definition
Locates appendix, half way between xyphoid process and iliac crest
Term
Abduction
Definition
Away from the midline
Term
Adduction
Definition
Towards the midline
Term
Fowler's
Definition
Position when sitting upright
Term
Trendelenburg
Definition
Laying on back with feet raised approx. 12"
Term
Recovery position
Definition
Left lateral recumbent
Term
Left Lateral Recumbent
Definition
Position used for 3rd term pregnancies
Term
Diffusion
Definition
Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration
Term
Osmosis
Definition
Movement of water from low concentration to high concentration
Term
Facilitated Transport
Definition
Requires carrier molecules for transport in/out of a cell. No energy is require.
Term
Active Transport
Definition
Transport against the gradient(against a concentration). Requires energy
Term
True
Definition
True or False... lipids pass through cells easily
Term
Tonicity/Osmolarity
Definition
Number of particles in a comparison
Term
Isotonic
Definition
Same number of particles in a comparison
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
Less number of molecules in a comparison
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
More number of particles in a comparison
Term
Isotonic
Definition
Most fluids given in a pre-hospital setting
Term
Oncotic pull
Definition
Also know as coloital pressure
Term
Oncotic pull
Definition
Also know as coloital pressure
Term
Oncotic pull
Definition
Also know as coloital pressure
Term
Oncotic pull
Definition
Also know as coloital pressure
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Contains DNA and all other information
Term
Cytoplasm/Protoplasm
Definition
Fluid inside a cell
Term
ATP
Definition
Stored energy within a cell
Term
Heat, Water, Hydrogen Ions
Definition
3 things given off by ATP consumption
Term
Mytochondria
Definition
Makes energy within a cell
Term
Lysosome
Definition
Within a cell it digests and destroys viruses and bacteria
Term
Energy
Definition
Glucose + Oxygen = ?
Term
Acid
Definition
If a cell is deprived of glucose it makes more ______
Term
7.35-7.45
Definition
Normal PH range of human blood
Term
Mytochondria
Definition
Part of cell where glucose and oxygen are processed
Term
Bicarbonate Buffer System
Definition
Takes place on top of red blood cells. Converts Carbonic acid from hydrogen ions and bicarbonate. Then breathes it off as carbon dioxide and excretes it as water.
Term
Glucagon
Definition
Hormone made in pancreas which makes liver dump it's sugar supply
Term
Insulin
Definition
Protein needed for facilitated transport of glucose
Term
Paramedic Role
Definition
Affect homeostasis and return patient to normal life
Term
Pancreas
Definition
Organ which produces insulin
Term
Poisseulle's Law
Definition
Blood flow is inversely proportional to vessel diameter (i.e. 1/4 dia decrease = 16 times more flow)
Term
Electrolytes
Definition
These disassociate into opposite charged particles(ions)
Term
ATP
Definition
Type of energy required for Sodium Potassium Pump
Term
Systemic Anatomy
Definition
Studies each organ system separately
Term
Regional Anatomy
Definition
Studies specific regions of the body
Term
Anatomic position
Definition
Body position standing upright with palms forward
Term
Distal
Definition
Away from trunk and towards the hand
Term
Proximal
Definition
Toward the trunk of the body
Term
Midaxillary line
Definition
Line drawn from armpit to the waist
Term
Anterior axillary line
Definition
Line drawn 1 inch in front of and parallel to midaxillary line
Term
Posterior axillary line
Definition
Line drawn 1 inch behind and parallel to midaxillary line
Term
Flexion
Definition
Moving a distal point closer to the trunk
Term
Extension
Definition
Return of body part from flexed position to the anatomic position
Term
Internal rotation
Definition
Turning an extremity medially toward the midline
Term
External rotation
Definition
Turning an extremity away from the midline
Term
Cells
Definition
Basic building blocks of all life
Term
Organelles
Definition
All internal cell structures
Term
Lipid bilayer
Definition
Fatty double layer components of the cell membrane
Term
Protein
Definition
Serves as transporters, signal receptors, doorways, and channels
Term
Selective permeability
Definition
Allows some, but not all, substances to pass through a membrane
Term
Concentration gradient
Definition
Difference in concentration of a substance on either side of the membrane
Term
Osmotic Pressure
Definition
Measurement of the tendency of water to move by osmosis across a membrane
Term
Crenation
Definition
Shrinkage of a cell that occurs when too much water moves out the the cell
Term
Lysis
Definition
Swelling and bursting of a cell when too much water enters cell
Term
Filtration
Definition
Movement of water out of plasma, across the capillary membrane, and into the interstitial space
Term
Hydrostatic pressure
Definition
Blood pressure in the vessel walls
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
Uptake of Material through cell membrane by a membrane bound droplet or vesicle formed with the protoplasm
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
Form of endocytosis known as "cell eating" (i.e. white blood cells consuming bacteria)
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
Form of endocytosis known as "cell eating" (i.e. white blood cells consuming bacteria)
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
Form of endocytosis known as "cell eating" (i.e. white blood cells consuming bacteria)
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
Form of endocytosis known as "cell eating" (i.e. white blood cells consuming bacteria)
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
Form of endocytosis known as "cell eating" (i.e. white blood cells consuming bacteria)
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
Form of endocytosis known as "cell eating" (i.e. white blood cells consuming bacteria)
Term
Pinocytosis
Definition
"Cell Drinking"
Term
DNA
Definition
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
Structures within nucleus containing DNA
Term
RNA
Definition
Ribonucleic Acid
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Contain RNA and protein
Term
Endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
Series of membranes in which specific proteins and fats are manufactured
Term
Golgi complex
Definition
Set of membranes within protoplasm associated with formation of carbohydrate and complex proteins
Term
Oxidative metabolism
Definition
Process that uses oxygen to produce energy from carbohydrates
Term
ATP
Definition
Adenosine Triphosphate
Term
Krebs cycle
Definition
Sequence of reactions in an organism where oxidation of acids provides energy for storage in phosphate bonds, such as in ATP
Term
Microtubules
Definition
Hollow filamentous structure within cell
Term
Centrioles
Definition
Organelles that aid in formation of spindle fibers... essential for cell division
Term
Centrioles
Definition
Organelles that aid in formation of spindle fibers... essential for cell division
Term
Cilia
Definition
Hair like projections on cell surface that move materials over cell surface
Term
Flagellum
Definition
Tail like microtubule that propels the cell (i.e. sperm!)
Term
Tissue
Definition
Group of similar cells working together
Term
Epithelium
Definition
Type of tissue covering the body surface and lining hollow organs
Term
Squamous cells
Definition
Flat sheet-like cells
Term
Squamous cells
Definition
Flat sheet-like cells
Term
Squamous cells
Definition
Flat sheet-like cells
Term
Columnar cells
Definition
Rows of tall, thin cells
Term
Connective tissue
Definition
Binds other types of tissue together (i.e. bones and cartilage)
Term
Adipose tissue
Definition
Connective tissue that contains large amounts of lipids
Term
Scar tissue
Definition
Connective tissue that develops in order to help repair or replace damaged cells
Term
Muscle tissue
Definition
Tissue that overlies the framework of the skeleton
Term
Skeletal muscle
Definition
Striated voluntary muscle
Term
Cardiac muscle
Definition
Striated involuntary muscle
Term
Smooth muscle
Definition
Nonstriated involuntary muscle
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