Term
| these 3 types of organic molecules are found in the plasma membrane of the cell |
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Definition
1. Lipids
2. Glycocalyx
3. Proteins |
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Term
| the plasma membrane of the cell is compared to a ______ _______ model |
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Definition
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Term
| how many cells are there in the human body |
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Definition
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Term
| how many types of cells are there in the human body |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of plasma/cell membrane |
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Definition
1. Regulates what enters & leaves the cell
2. Separates the cell from its surroundings
3. Allows cells to communicate with each other and with their environment |
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Term
| what kind of substances do membrane lipids allow in cell. which molecules do lipids block? |
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Definition
Allow non-polar (lipid- soluble) molecules.
Block polar&charged substances |
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Term
| what substances do membrane proteins let through? |
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Definition
1. polar substances
2. ions |
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Term
| what kinds of lipids can be found in the cell membrane |
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Definition
1. Phospholipids (75%)
2. Glycolipids (carbohydrate lipids) (5%) found only on the part facing ECF
3. Cholesterol (20%) - between the fatty acid tails of phospholipids |
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Term
| which molecule of plasma membrane makes it asymmetric |
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Definition
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Term
| role of cholesterol in plasma membrane |
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Definition
| stiff rings help to stiffen and stabilize the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| a sugary coat outside plasma membrane, composed of the carb part of glycoproteins and glycolipids |
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Term
| True/false: phospholipids and proteins are immobile in the plasma membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the mobility of proteins and phospholipids depend on |
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Definition
1. Number of double bonds of carbon (the higher, the more fluid)
2. number of cholesterol molec
3. temperature |
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Term
| which type of organic molecules carry out MOST membrane's functions |
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Definition
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Term
| these proteins extend through the plasma membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| these proteins span the entire lipid bilayer |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: Most integral proteins are transmembrane proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| these proteins attach to one of the surfaces of plasma membrane; don't extend through it |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| has a both polar and nonpolar ending |
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Term
| 6 functions of membrane proteins |
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Definition
1. Transporter
2. Channel
3. Receptor
4. Cell identity marker
5. Linker
6. Enzyme |
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Term
| these membrane proteins offer a passage way for substances such as K+ and Na+ to pass through |
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Definition
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Term
| these membrane proteins catalyze reactions inside and outside the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| In diffusion, K+ and Na+ move through the plasma membrane through _______ proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| these membrane proteins give cell its shape by anchoring filaments inside & outside |
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Definition
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Term
| these membrane proteins connect two cells together |
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Definition
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Term
| these membrane proteins aid in cell movement |
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Definition
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Term
| these membrane proteins move s substance by binding it, while they change their shape |
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Definition
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Term
| glucose moves through plasma membrane through these proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| these proteins allow cells to recognize similar cells (from same body/tissue) |
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Definition
| cell identity marker proteins |
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Term
| these are an example of cell identity proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| these membrane proteins are the cell's site of recognition for other substances; they bind to the substance and "read" the instructions of what the cell should do |
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Definition
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Term
| hormones communicate with the cell through which type of memb. proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: all cells in body are in a liquid environment |
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Definition
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Term
| type of transport: subst. move DOWN concentration gradient (from high to low) |
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Definition
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Term
| osmosis, diffusion and facilitated diffusion are types of ____________ transport |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: facilitated diffusion requires energy |
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Definition
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Term
| this type of transport uses ATP |
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Definition
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Term
| type of transport: substances move AGAINST concentration gradient (from low to high) |
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Definition
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Term
| endocytosis, phagocytosis and vesicle transport are types of ______ transport |
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Definition
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Term
| through this type of passive transport substances move through pores or channels |
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Definition
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Term
| substances move from high-low conc. through lipid bilayer without help of transport proteins |
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Definition
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Term
O2, N2, CO2, fatty acids, steroids, fat-soluble vitamins (nonpolar subst.) and
water, urea and small alcohols (noncharged subst) move through membrane by what process? |
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Definition
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Term
| type of passive transport aided by integral proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| glucose moves through membrane by which type of transport? |
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Definition
| carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion |
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Term
| K+, Cl-, Na+, Ca2+ pass membrane through this type of passive transport |
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Definition
| channel-mediated facilitated diffusion |
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Term
| glucose, fructose, galactose, some vitamins cross membrane through this type of passive transport |
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Definition
| carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion |
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Term
| true/false: gated channel proteins change their shape as ions move through them |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: carrier/transporter proteins change their shape as glucose passes through |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: the higher the conc. of a subst., the faster it will diffuse through memb. |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: smaller molecules move(diffuse) slower through the membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: the higher the temperature, the faster the diffusion |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: alveoli in lungs have a large diffusion area, which enhances the diffusion of O2 |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: movement of water (osmosis) does not depend on the concentration of solutes in water |
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Definition
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Term
| force required to stop movement of water into a hypertonic solution, if the two are separated by membrane which only allows water through |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: osmotic pressure is higher where is a higher solute concentration |
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Definition
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Term
| isotonic solution : RBC is safe, no net movement |
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Definition
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Term
| hypertonic solution (RBC is placed in) |
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Definition
| %NaCl > 0.9%: RBC shrinks |
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Term
| name of process that happens to RBC when surrounded by hypertonic solution |
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Definition
| CRENATION (water moves out of RBC) |
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Term
| process that happens to RBC when placed in hypotonic solution |
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Definition
| hemolysis (burst, water moves in) |
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Term
| polar substances and ions (Na+, K+) that need to move uphill the concentration grad., they move through this type of transport |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: active transport moves nonpolar substances |
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Definition
| FALSE: active transp. moves only polar subst. and certain ions |
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Term
| phosphorilation of TRANSPORTER proteins is needed for the active transport of these substances (3 groups of substances) |
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Definition
1. H+,Ca2+, I-, Cl-
2. amino acids
3. monosaccharides |
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Term
| true/false: in diffusion Na+ and K+ move through transport(carrier) proteins |
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Definition
| false: they move through channel proteins |
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Term
| true/false: in active transport, Na+ and K+ move through transport proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| three types of vesicle transport (active t. ) that brings substances in the cells |
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Definition
1. phagocytosis
2. pinocytosis
3. receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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Term
| these types of blood cells aid in phagocytosis |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: phagocytosis involves the "eating" of the whole foreign organism |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| these type of memb. proteins on WBC aid in phagocytosis |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: receptor proteins are used in pinocytosis |
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Definition
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Term
| this type of phagocytosis is highly-selective: cells take up only selective ligands (such as HIV) |
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Definition
| receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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|
Term
| which type of molecules can be released by exocytosis? |
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Definition
1. digestive enzymes
2. neurotransmitters
3. hormones
4. wastes |
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|
Term
| what happens to cell membrane after exocytosis? |
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Definition
| the part that was damaged is replaced |
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