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ceramics glazes
info of mineral content
30
Art/Design
Undergraduate 2
03/08/2016

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Term
There are four main ingredient categories in functional stable glazes (of course, every rule is made to be broken).
Definition
Glass former, Flux, Stabilizer,and colorant/ opacifier
Term
It is the ________ _________ that gives glaze its glassy look. The_____________ _________ vitrifies the ware, and makes it both attractive, and also food safe and food ‘convenient’. It is usually added to a glaze as clay (EPK, Ball Clay, Grolleg).
Definition
glass former
Term
Silica -
Definition
SiO2 – Also called Flint or Quart:
Term
Silica needs so much heat to melt (c. 28 or 2,950F) that you must
Definition
add Fluxes so that it will melt at a lower temperature.
Term
Flux:
Definition
Lowers the melting temperature of Silica.
Term
Once the______ is added, the job is essentially done. In fact… many fluxes may act as a glaze by themselves, as they work with the silica in the clay.
Definition
flux
Term
Primary: These are ‘alkaline fluxes’: Potassium, Sodium, Lithium Fluxes:
Definition
K2O Na2O Li2O
Term
_________ means that the ‘flux’ is combined with alumina and silica.)
Definition
feldspar
Term
Custer Feldspar/Potash….
Definition
If a glaze recipe doesn’t specify… use Custer.
Term
Kona F-4/
Definition
Soda Spar, with Potassium
Term
G-200/
Definition
Potash. A substitute for Custer.
Term
Nepheline Syenite/
Definition
Soda. The highest fluxing spar. Highest soda spar.
Term
Cornwall Stone
Definition
/a potash spar with high calcium
Term
Spodumene/
Definition
a lithium spar.
Term
Lapidolite/
Definition
a lithium source in a potash spar.
Term
These are alkaline earth fluxes,
All form crystals and thus different create a variety of matte effects.
Definition
Secondary:sometimes called secondary fluxes.
Term
CaO – Calcium
Definition
Oxide (Whiting)
Term
MgO –
Definition
Magnesium oxide
Term
BaO –
Definition
Barium oxide
Term
SrO –
Definition
Strontium oxide
Term
CaO – Calcium Oxide (Whiting)
MgO – Magnesium oxide
BaO – Barium oxide
SrO – Strontium oxide
Definition
secondary fluxes or alkaline earth fluxes
Term
Examples of secondary fluxes:
(some of these are not strictly secondary fluxes, but they are worth experimenting with)
Definition
Barium carbonate, Bone ash, Strontium carbonate, Whiting, Zinc oxide, Soda ash, Titanium,
Fourspar, Zircopax, Wollastonite, Wood ash.
Term
Stabilizer
Definition
we need a stabilizer to keep it from running off the pot. Here we usually add clay which is an excellent source of: Al2O3 - Alumina Oxide “Al is stable…..”
Term
_______ stiffens the melted glaze, and stabilizes and hardens the fired glaze. is a main ingredient in clay, and is often added to a glaze in the form of clay (EPK, Ball Clay, Grolleg).
Definition
Alumina
Term
Colorant/opacifier
Definition
Copper, Cobalt, Rutile, Manganese, Iron, Chromium– are natural earth oxides, and also have fluxing properties. Mason stains – are another great source of color. Many have a limited ‘cone range’ and some change DRAMATICALLY depending on the other ingredients in the glaze. *note Mason Stain website.
Term
Some opacifiers that may also have fluxing properties: (Opacifiers keep the glaze from being transparent)
Definition
Zircopax, Superpax, Titanium, Tin, Zirconium opacifiers.
Term
Stain—
Definition
Essentially a frit made of colorant chemicals, compatible fluxes, and possibly glass formers, which has been melted, cooled, and pulverized to a fine powder
Term
Encapsulated Stain
Definition
(Inclusion Pigments)—A new generation of stable stains made by melting metallic colorants with zirconium silicate, cooling the melt, and grinding the result to a fine powder. Because zirconium silicate is refractory, stains containing it can produce brighter colors up to cone 10 using pigments that would otherwise fade at high temperatures. These colors are safe to use in the studio.
Term
Flux (molar)
Definition
Unity or Seger Formula—The chemical composition, commonly of a fired glaze, expressed as one mole of total flux to the number of moles of all other ingredients in the glaze. The term ‘unity molecular formula’ does not specify whether the flux, alumina, or glass formers are in unity. Each can be at different times for different purposes, but flux unity is used almost universally by ceramic artists.
Term
cadmium inclusion stains.
Definition
These stains also contain selenium combined with sulfur, and they will produce the full range of colors in the red spectrum from yellow through orange to brilliant red. They work in both translucent and opaque glazes, in oxidation and reduction firings, and at all firing temperatures
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