Term
| Cerebellum receives 2 types of information: what are they |
|
Definition
| copy of motor commands traveling from the cerebral cortex to the SC, sensory information about the movements of body parts |
|
|
Term
| the cerebellum recieves 2 types of information: what does it do with the information |
|
Definition
| cerebellum compares motor message to muscles with the actual performance characteristics of the movement and adjusts the motor message during the movement so it is performed appropriately |
|
|
Term
| gross anatomy of cerebellum: zones |
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Definition
| intermediate, lateral zone |
|
|
Term
| gross anatomy of cerebellum: structure medial to intermediate zone |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| gross anatomy of cerebellum: separates anterior lobe and posterior lobe |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| gross anatomy of cerebellum: lobes |
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Definition
| anterior lobe, posterior lobe |
|
|
Term
| gross anatomy of cerebellum: which lobe is smaller |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| gross anatomy of cerebellum: which lobe is larger |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| gross anatomy of cerebellum: structure inferior to cerebellar peduncles |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| gross anatomy of cerebellum: structure medial to cerebellar peduncles |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| gross anatomy of cerebellum: nuclei (4) |
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Definition
| fastigial, globose, emboliform, dentate |
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|
Term
| Generalized Cerebellar Circuit: afferents from what structures enter the cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei? (3) |
|
Definition
| spinal cord, vestibular nuclei, motor info from cerebral cortex via pontine nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Generalized Cerebellar Circuit: motor info from the cerebral cortex enters the cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei via what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generalized Cerebellar Circuit: afferents enter what structures? (2) |
|
Definition
| cerebellar cortex, deep nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Generalized Cerebellar Circuit: information leaves the cerebellar cortex and continues to where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generalized Cerebellar Circuit: information from the deep nuclei continues to where |
|
Definition
| brain stem and cerebral cortex via thalamus |
|
|
Term
| Generalized Cerebellar Circuit: information from the deep nuclei enter the brain stem and cerebral cortex via what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| cerebellum has how many functional units? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 functional units of the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
| vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum, cerebrocerebellum |
|
|
Term
| vestibulocerebellum: theme |
|
Definition
| cerebellum uses sensory information from vestibular organ to control balance and eye movement |
|
|
Term
| vestibulocerebellum: function |
|
Definition
| plays a critical role in controlling axial musculature used to maintain balance (via vestiublospinal tracts) and controls eye movements (via MLF) |
|
|
Term
| vestibulocerebellum: pathways |
|
Definition
| involves afferents from the vestibular nerve and nuclei to the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| vestibulocerebellum: lesions can result in waht |
|
Definition
| eye movement problems, gait problems may result from balance impairments |
|
|
Term
| vestibulocerebellum: primary axon |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| vestibulocerebellum: primary cell body |
|
Definition
| vestibular nuclei and ICP |
|
|
Term
| vestibulocerebellum: 2nd order cell body |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| vestibulocerebellum: information from the ICP goes to where |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| vestibulocerebellum: efferents from flocculonodular lobe travel back to what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| vestibulocerebellum: efferents from flocculonodular lobe travel back to vsetibular nuclei via what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cerebellum uses proprioceptive information from the body to monitor and adjust ongoing movements |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: function |
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Definition
| contrls the execution of trunk and limb movements by making adjustments to muscle activity during the movement, also regulates muscle tone |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: pathways |
|
Definition
| sensory information from the body ascends in SC and terminates in spinocerebellum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results in inappropriate activation of muscles intended for movement; hypotonia |
|
|
Term
| what are teh 2 parts of the spinocerebellum |
|
Definition
| vermis, intermediate zone |
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|
Term
| what are the 4 afferents of the spinocerebellum? |
|
Definition
| cuneocerebellar tract, dorsal spinocerebellar tract, ventral spinocerebellar tract, from inferior olivary nucleus/complex |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: projection to which side? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: direct ipsilateral projection from where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: direct ispilateral projection from spinal cord to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: direct ipsilateral projection from spinal cord to cerebellum via what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: what does it transmit? |
|
Definition
| proprioceptive and tactile information from the upper body |
|
|
Term
| cuneocerebellar tract: 1st order nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: central process of dorsal root ganglion synapses with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: 2nd order cell body/nucleus |
|
Definition
| ipsilateral lateral cuneate nucleus |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: 2nd order axon/tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: synapses with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: transmits what? |
|
Definition
| proprioceptive and tactile information from the lower body |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: pathway to which side? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: direct ipsilateral pathway from where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: direct ipsilateral pathway from spinal cord to where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: direct ipsilateral pathway from spinal cord to cerebellum via what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: 1st order cell body/nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: central processes of the dorsal root ganglion synapse with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: central processes of the dorsal root ganglion synapse with nucleus dorsalis at what levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: second order cell body/nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: second order axon/tract |
|
Definition
| dorsal spinocerebellar tract |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: dorsal spinocerebellar tract synapses with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: is what type of pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: double crossed pathway from where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: double crossed pathway from spinal cord to where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: doubled crossed pathway from spinal cord to cerebellum via what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: transmits what? |
|
Definition
| copy of motor information from spinal motoneurons of lower body to cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: 1st order nucleus/cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: crosses where? |
|
Definition
| immediately at dorsal root ganglion level, and then again at level of SCP |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: enters the cerebellum via what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: from inferior olivary nucleus/complex: relays information from where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: from inferior olivary nucleus/complex: relays information from spinal cord to where |
|
Definition
| contralateral spinocerebellum |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: from inferior olivary nucleus/complex: relays information from spinal cord to contralateral spinocerebellum via what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: from inferior olivary nucleus/complex: these afferent fibers known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: from inferior olivary nucleus/complex: inferior olive receives what information? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: afferents: from inferior olivary nucleus/complex: inferior olive recieves motor information from where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Efferent projections from the spinocerebellum influence the two motor components that project to the spinal cord: what are they? |
|
Definition
| brainstem nuclei and motor cortex |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: vermis sends information where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: fastigial nuclei sends information to where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: information that enters the SCP goes where? |
|
Definition
| to contralateral Ventrolateral Nucelus of thalamaus and contralateral reticular formation |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: information that enters the ICP go where |
|
Definition
| ipsilateral reticular formatoin and ipsilateral vestibular nuclei |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: information of the vestibular nuclei goes where |
|
Definition
| medial vestibulospinal tract and lateral vestibulospinal tract |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: information from the reticular formation goes where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: information from the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus goes where |
|
Definition
| primary motor cortex (area 4) |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: information from the LVST/MVST, reticulospinal tract, and primary motor cortex (area 4) all go where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: which efferent crosses before going to axial/rpxomal limb mm |
|
Definition
| primary motor cortex (area 4) |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: intermediate zone: intermediate zone sends information where |
|
Definition
| interpositus nuclei (emboliform and globos nuclei) |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: intermediate zone: information from the interpositus nuclei (emboliform and globose) goes where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: intermediate zone: information from SCP goes where |
|
Definition
| contralateral Red Nucleus and contralateral Ventrolateral Nuceleus of Thalamus |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: intermediate zone: information from the red nucelus goes where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: intermediate zone: information from the ventrolateral nucelus of thalamus goes where |
|
Definition
| primary motor cortex (area 4) |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellum: efferents: intermediate zone: information from rubrospinal tract and primary motor cortex (area 4) goes where |
|
Definition
| crosses to contralateral distal limb mm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cerebellum sends and receives information from motor areas of cerebral cortex to plan movements |
|
|
Term
| Cerebrocerebellum: function |
|
Definition
| planning and initiation of movements |
|
|
Term
| Cerebrocerebellum: pathways |
|
Definition
| cerebro(ponto) cerebellum receives afferents from motor areas of the cerebral cortex via the contralateral pons and projects back to motor areas of cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
| Cerebrocerebellum: lesions |
|
Definition
| cause delayed initiation of movements, decreased muscle tone, and lack of muscle coordination |
|
|
Term
| Cerebrocerebellum: afferents: information goes from motor cortex to where |
|
Definition
| ipsilateral pontine nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Cerebrocerebellum: afferents: information from pontine nuclei goes where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerebrocerebellum: afferents: information goes from MCP to where |
|
Definition
| lateral cerebellar hemisphere and dentate nucleus |
|
|
Term
| Cerebrocerebellum: afferents: when does the afferent become an efferent? |
|
Definition
| when the information reaches the lateral cerebellar hemisphere/dentate nucleus |
|
|
Term
| Cerebrocerebellum: efferents: information from lateral cerebellar hemisphere and dentate nucleus goes wehre |
|
Definition
| congregates in the dentate nucleus |
|
|
Term
| Cerebrocerebellum: efferents: information from the dentate nucleus goes where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerebrocerebellum: efferents: information from the SCP goes where |
|
Definition
| ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus |
|
|
Term
| Cerebrocerebellum: efferents: ventrolateral nucelus of thalamus sends information where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lack of coordinated contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles |
|
Definition
| ataxia/asynergy (drunk walk) |
|
|
Term
| inaccurate movement range or direction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| excessive movement amplitude (overshoot) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| insufficient movement amplitude (fall short) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inability to readjust limb position whem movement is disturbed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| other results of cerebellar lesions (5) |
|
Definition
| inappropriate force, delayed initiation of movement, hypotonia, nystagmus, dysarthria |
|
|
Term
| cerebellar lesions can result in decomposition of movement meaning what |
|
Definition
| sequence of movements are distorted |
|
|
Term
| inability to perform fine, repetitive movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cerebellar lesions: occurs during muscle contraction or during performance of a voluntary task |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| uncoordinated, slurred, or slow speech |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cerebellar symptoms are caused by damage to what (3) |
|
Definition
| cerebellum, its peduncles, or its CNS pathways |
|
|
Term
| 2 tests commonly used to check cerebellar dysfunction |
|
Definition
| finger to nose, heel to shin |
|
|
Term
| why are the finger to nose and heel to shin test used to check cerebellar dysfunction? |
|
Definition
| reveal tremor and decomposition of movement with cerebellar impairment |
|
|
Term
| general rules of cerebellar lesions |
|
Definition
| produce ipsilateral motor changes |
|
|
Term
| lateral hemisphere lesions produce what symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vermis lesions produce what symptoms |
|
Definition
| trunk and gait (proximal and axial) disorders |
|
|
Term
| vestibulocerebellar lesions cause what symptoms (3) |
|
Definition
| eye movement disorders, loss of balance, gait ataxia (lack of ability to use vestibular info) |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellar lesions usually involve only what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellar lesions symptoms include (4) |
|
Definition
| impaired leg movements, ataxic gait (even when physically supported), dysmetria, tremor, hypotonia |
|
|
Term
| spinocerebellar lesions mostly involve which limbs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vermis is especially sensitive to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cerebrocerebellar lesions cause what symptoms (8) |
|
Definition
| ataxia of limbs (finger to nose, heel to shin), dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, lack of check, hypotonia, dysarthria, delayed initiation of movement |
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|
