Term
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Definition
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•Located in the posterior fossa
•Separated from occipital lobes by tentorium cerebelli
•Overlies dorsal surface of pons and medulla
•Contributes to floor of the 4th ventricle
•Vermis – Midline
•Cerebellar hemispheres – Lateral
•Makes up ~10 % of overall weight of brain
•Supplied by vertebrobasilar arterial system
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Term
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Definition
•Flocculonodular – Oldest lobe -- Archicerebellum
•Anterior – More recent -- Paleocerebellum
•Posterior – Most recent -- Neocerebellum
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Term
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Definition
•Has three paired peduncles
–Superior cerebellar peduncle –connects cerebellum to midbrain – Efferent pathways
–Middle cerebellar peduncle – connects cerebellum to the pons – Afferent pathways
–Inferior cerebellar peduncle – connects cerebellum to medulla – Both Efferent and Afferent
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Term
Somatotopic Representation |
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Definition
•In general
–Midline (Vermis) - Represents the trunk
•Lesion affect equilibrium
–Lateral (Hemispheres) - Represents the extremities
•Lesions affect extremity movement
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Term
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Definition
•Cerebellar tonsils – paired structures on inferior surface of posterior lobe
–Increased intracranial pressure may cause downward tonsillar herniation à leads to brain stem compression
•Each cerebellar hemisphere is further subdivided into lobules folia
–Folia – characteristic external appearance during surgery
–Folia have no functional significance
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Term
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Definition
•Supplied by Vertebrobasilar system (posterior circulation)
–Superior cerebellar artery – Branch from Basilar artery – superior cerebellum and midbrain
–Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) – Branch from basilar artery – middle cerebellum and pons
–Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) – Branch from vertebral artery – inferior cerebellum and medulla
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Term
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Definition
•SCA – Superior cerebellum –Midbrain – CN 3-6
•AICA – Middle Cerebellum – Pons – CN 7-8
•PICA – Inferior Cerebellum – Medulla – CN 9-12
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Term
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Definition
•Largest of the deep cerebellar nuclei
•Bulk of axons project from here to the contralateral ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus (via SCP)
•Receives both inhibitory (Purkinje cell) and excitatory (Climbing and mossy fibers)
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Term
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Definition
•Collective name for Emboliform nucleus and Globose nucleus
•Emboliform nucleus – medial to dentate nucleus
•Globose nucleus – medial to emboliform nucleus
•Axons project mainly to red nucleus (via SCP)
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Term
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Definition
•Most medial of deep nuclei
•Located in roof of fourth ventricle
•Projections cross within the cerebellum (not via SCP)
•Most axons are efferent to the vestibular nuclei
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Term
Microanatomy of Cerebellum |
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Definition
•Cortex is made up of three layers
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–Outer Molecular layer
–Middle Purkinje cell layer
–Inner Granule cell layer
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Term
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Definition
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§From cerebral cortex:
Parietal cortex (secondary visual, primary and secondary somatic sensory)
Cingulate cortex (limbic)
Frontal cortex (primary and secondary motor)
§Other sources
Red nucleus
Superior colliculus
Spinal cord (Clarke’s column)
Vestibular nucleus
Reticular formation
Inferior olivary nucleus
Locus ceruleus
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Term
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Definition
§Output Targets of the Cerebellum
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§Red nucleus
§Vestibular nucleus
§Superior colliculus
§Reticular formation
§Motor cortex (via thalamus)
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Term
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Definition
•Cerebellum can be affected by:
–Congenital (Chiari malformation)
–Tumor (Intraaxial and Extraaxial)
–Vascular (Stroke, Aneurysm, AVM, Hemorrhage)
–Infection
–Inflammation
–Other
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