Term
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Definition
* Airway obstruction * Excessive bleeding * Shock |
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Term
| Head-Tilt/Chin-Lift Method |
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Definition
1 At an arm’s distance, shake the victim by touching the shoulder and shout, “Can you hear me?” 2 If the victim does not or cannot respond, place the palm of one hand on the forehead 3 Place two fingers of the other hand under the chin and tilt the jaw upward while tilting the head back slightly 4 Place your ear over the victim’s mouth, looking toward the victim’s feet, and place a hand on the victim’s abdomen 5 Look for chest rise 6 Listen for air exchange 7 Feel for abdominal movement |
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Term
| What to do if person does not respond to first attempt at Head-Tilt/Chin-Lift |
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Definition
If breathing is not restored on the first try using the Head-Tilt/Chin-Lift method, CERT members should try again using the same method. If breathing cannot be restored on the second try, CERT members must move on to the next victim. |
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Term
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Definition
* Arterial bleeding. Arteries transport blood under high pressure. Bleeding from an artery is spurting bleeding. * Venous bleeding. Veins transport blood under low pressure. Bleeding from a vein is flowing bleeding. Capillary bleeding. * Capillaries also carry blood under low pressure. Bleeding from capillaries is oozing bleeding. |
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Term
| There are three main methods for controlling bleeding: |
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Definition
* Direct pressure * Elevation * Pressure points |
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Term
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Definition
| Place direct pressure over the wound by putting a clean dressing over the wound and pressing firmly. Maintain pressure on the dressing over the wound by wrapping the wound firmly with a pressure bandage |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevate the wound above the level of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Put pressure on the nearest pressure point to slow the flow of blood to the wound. Use the: Brachial point for bleeding in the arm Femoral point for bleeding in the leg |
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Term
| Main signs of shock to look for |
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Definition
* Rapid and shallow breathing * Capillary refill of greater than 2 seconds. Capillary refill is how long it takes for the color to return. This is called the “blanch test.” * Failure to follow simple commands, such as, “Squeeze my hand.” * Changes in skin color |
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Term
| Procedures For Controlling Shock |
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Definition
1 Lay the victim on his or her back Elevate the feet 6-10 inches above the level of the heart Maintain an open airway 2 Control obvious bleeding 3 Maintain body temperature (e.g., cover the ground and the victim with a blanket if necessary) 4 Avoid rough or excessive handling unless the rescuer and victim are in immediate danger |
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Term
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Definition
| Triage is a French term meaning “to sort.” |
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Term
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Definition
* There are many more victims than rescuers * There are limited resources * Time is critical |
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Term
| What are the 3 triage values a patient can be tagged with? |
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Definition
* Immediate (I): The victim has life-threatening (airway, bleeding, or shock) injuries that demand immediate attention to save his or her life; rapid, life-saving treatment is urgent. * Delayed (D): Injuries do not jeopardize the victim’s life. The victim may require professional care, but treatment can be delayed. * Dead (DEAD): No respiration after two attempts to open the airway. Because CPR is one-on-one care and is labor-intensive, CPR is not performed when there are many more victims than rescuers. |
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Term
| The general procedures for conducting triage are: |
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Definition
Step 1: Stop, Look, Listen, and Think. Before you start, stop and size up the situation by looking around and listening. THINK about your safety, capability, and limitations, and decide if you will approach the situation and how. Step 2: Conduct voice triage. Begin by calling out, “Emergency Response Team. If you can walk, come to the sound of my voice.” If there are survivors who are ambulatory, instruct them to remain at a designated location, and continue with the triage operation. (If rescuers need assistance and there are ambulatory survivors, then these survivors should be asked to provide assistance.) These persons may also provide useful information about the location of the victims. Step 3: Start where you stand, and follow a systematic route. Start with the closest victims and work outward in a systematic fashion. Step 4: Evaluate each victim and tag them “I” (immediate), “D” (delayed), or “DEAD.” Remember to evaluate the walking wounded. Step 5: Treat “I” victims immediately. Initiate airway management, bleeding control, and treatment for shock for “I” victims. Step 6: Document triage results for: Effective deployment of resources. Information on the victims’ locations. A quick record of the number of casualties by degree of severity. |
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Term
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Definition
1 Check airway/breathing. At an arm’s distance, shake the victim and shout. If the victim does not respond: Position the airway. Look, listen, and feel. Check breathing rate. Abnormally rapid respiration (above 30 per minute) indicates shock. Treat for shock and tag “I.” If below 30 per minute, then move to Step 2. If the victim is not breathing after 2 attempts to open airway, then tag “DEAD.” 2 Check circulation/bleeding. Take immediate action to control severe bleeding. Check circulation using the blanch test (for capillary refill). Press on an area of skin until normal skin color is gone. A good place to do this is on the palm of the hand. The nailbeds are sometimes used. Time how long it takes for normal color to return. Treat for shock if normal color takes longer than 2 seconds to return, and tag “I.” 3 Check mental status. Give a simple command, such as “Squeeze my hand.” Inability to respond indicates that immediate treatment for shock is necessary. Treat for shock and tag “I.” |
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Term
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Definition
* No team plan, organization, or goal * Indecisive leadership * Too much focus on one injury * Treatment (rather than triage) performed |
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