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A Norwegian man who started the far right organization Vigrid. He was prosecuted and convicted of a 45 day suspended jail sentence for a violation of the Norwegian Racist law. He was caught stating that Jews are evil murders and deserved to wiped out.
- Shows that is possible to prosecute someone within one national jurisdiction for material on the web that is hosted on a server in the U.S.
- Significant because it shows how European nations address the issue of hate speech differently than America |
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- A term coined by Jesse Daniels author of Cyber Racism
- The term has to deal with the different ways that the European Union and America address the issue of hate speech online. While European nations drafted a protocol to shut down all racist websites. Americans still protect the right to hate speech online under the first amendment and claim it has free speech.
- The term is used to describe the divergent reactions to white supremacy online between European nations and America.
- Also means that the US is the global destination choice for those wishing to create hate speech websites.
- Significant because it shows that the US is the main importer of hate speech.
- Example is France v Yahoo |
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- Term refers to the way that the Internet fosters whiteness across the globe.
- the possibility that through the internet whites from a range of different nations and disparate global positions are able to identify themselves across boundaries as white.
- Example, Premysil a man from Canada, and before that the Czech Republic who was able to communicate with American members of Stormfront and reinforce their beliefs in white pride.
- Significant because it shows how the internet is able to foster hate from disparate regions of the globe and link people with the same beliefs together. |
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- A man who was responsible for a series of bombings across the southern US between 1996-1998. Often referred to as teh Olympic Park Bomber.
- He said that the reason he decided to do this was in the name of anti-abortion and anti-gay beliefs.
- He is connected to the Christian Identity Church
- Caught in 2003 and convicted of homicide charges and is spending multiple life sentences in prison. |
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| Lone Wold (Leaderless Resistance) |
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- The notion of a leaderless resistance is when a small group of covert cells or individuals independently work toward a share political goal.
- Popularized through the Insurgent movement and Louis Beam.
- the actions of timothy McVeigh who bombed the Murrah Federal Building in OK city is the best known example of lone wolf terrorism.
- The insurgent network is a network of highly motivated W/S in which each person is their own leader. They promote lone wolf activism. Each person performs tasks he or she is best at. |
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| Christian Identity Movement |
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- a movement that holds that those that are non white Christians will be condemned to hell.
- Thomas Robb is the minister in the Christian Identity branch of white supremacy movement and is member of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan.
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- Founded by Don Black in 1995 who is a white supremacist based in south florida. Stormfront is the largest online white supremacy website.
- Features discussion rooms in which people from all over the globe are able to bond of their beliefs in "white pride worldwide"
- Significant because this website embodies the idea of trans-local whiteness. People are able to connect over space and time and national boundaries to discuss their racist beliefs.
- Not a solid recruitment tool as 90% of the people on it are termed lurkers and are not part of movements or post but simply read through the rhetoric.
- Digital era is more open (ladies chat rooms) whereas the print era was a tightly focused group usually consisting of males.
- Additionally the troubling issue is not that stormfront has been recruiting people, it is that people are seeking out stormfront and the message of white pride worldwide. |
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Founder of the website Stormfront.org the biggest white supremacist website to date.
- Their motto is white pride world wide
- Significant because his website connects people from all across time and space who believe in whiteness. Exemplifies trans-local whiteness and shows that people are still actively seeking out supremacist websites. |
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Founder of stormfront.org in 1995, he is based in south Florida and is a former KKK member.
- through his website he has opened up a new realm of digital media that is able to transcend boundaries and time (trans-local whiteness). It has increased the people that are involved in the movement and has allowed women to play a more respective role in W/S. |
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A case in which French citizens were able to buy Nazi memorabilia through Yahoo so France sued Yahoo, illustrates the concern/reality of the Cyber Hate Divide.
- Significant because it illustrates the cyber hate divide. In America selling Nazi memorabilia is protected under the constitution, however in Europe it violates the protocols set down by the European Union. Perpetuates the belief that America is the global importer of hate.
- The case was filed by two french NGO's 1) The international league against racism and anti semitism 2) The union of Jewish students |
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Information and Communication Act
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- A law in Germany that makes it illegal to host a Neo-Nazi website in Germany.
- Once again illustrates the cyber hate divide. While this website is illegal in Germany it would be considered protected speech in America. |
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Leader of the American National Socialist Party.
- White published the home addresses of the Jena 6.
- Jena 6 are 6 Louisiana high school students who got into a brawl with white teens who hung a noose around a tree claiming it as their hangout spot. The black students recieved signifcantly longer jail time than the white students.
- White encourages people to get in touch and let blacks know justice is coming. he wrote on his website to "lynch the Jena 6"
- Significant because he is pushing people towards the lone wolf movement and encourages people to turn their hate into real life violence. He represents the militaristic swagger of some branches of W/S. Proves that the internet is a multiplier of harassment that extends the reach of violence.
- If he had been posting this in Europe he would have had to deal with legal reprocussions (cyber hate divide). |
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The group that oversees the Museum of Tolerance in L.A.
--A major resource in the effort to combat white supremacy online and offline. It is a Jewish human rights organization with a major presence in the US specifically LA and NY. The center includes value based educational efforts aimed at confronting anti-semitism, racism, and hate Teaching the lessons of the Holocaust for future generations and recently it began confronting Islamic terrorism. Significance: the data they process is translated into multiple different languages and the report is distributed to the government in an attempt to combat racist websites and monitor illegal activity. |
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| Southern Poverty Law Center |
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- Based in Montgomery, Alabama and founded in 1972 was originally two lawyers fighting for racial equality through the courts. Since 1981 they have been monitoring extremist white supremacist activity throughout the US.
- They recently won a case against Tom Metzgar, whose followers beat to death an Ethiopian immigrant, the case resulted in 12.5 million fined to Metzgar and his son.
- Significance: They are actively engaged in monitoring white supremacist movement both on and offline and keep an extensive record of websites, blogs, and chat rooms associated with extremest groups. By doing this the US governments is able to keep track and hopefully spot out future attacks. SPLC also monitors black extremeist groups as they are only trying to combat hate within the US. |
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- This group has focused on anti-Semitism online, fights anti-Semitism and all forms of bigotry, defends democratic ideals and protects civil rights for all.
- Significant because they play a major role in stopping ‘Cyber Hate’. Also monitors Islamic groups as they are trying to combat anti-semitism world wide and not just in the US. |
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- Those published by individuals or groups who conceal authorship. sites are typically made with biased opinions containing misleading information, the underlying objective is to change the viewer’s perception to a more ‘White Nationalist’ viewpoint.
- Significance: represent a unique new form of white supremacy because they disguise white supremacy in the rhetoric of multi-culturalism and civil rights. Brings up the idea that you cannot value multiple perspectives without critically examining the content of the website, just because there are multiple perspectives does not mean they should be valued equally. |
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- This game has players travel the streets to kill blacks and Latinos.
- Signifigance: used as a way to get younger children involved early on in w/s movements. They may not understand but as they continue to grow up and play these kind of games the chances of them becoming W/N increases exponentially. It is a method of recruitment for W/N movements. |
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- In this game players kill Blacks and Mexicans as they enter the United States. Not only does the game encourage players to kill members of these groups but it portrays them as bantitos, drug dealers and pregnant women seeking welfare.
- Significance: This shows the way that white supremacists use the web to challenge truth, modify cultural perceptions and encourage lone wolf behavior. WP groups uses these games to plant their version of truth in the minds of children as well as adults. |
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