Term
| functions of MEDULLA OBLONGATA (Medulla) |
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Definition
1.Conduction Pathway for Motor and Sensory Impulses (the Decussation of Pyramids)
2.Reticular Formation (unconsciousness)
3. Cardiovascular Center, Respiratory Center, Vestibular Nuclear Complex
4. contains nuclei of origin for several pairs of cranial nerves |
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Term
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Definition
1. Nuclei of origin for several pairs of cranial nerves
2. Nuclei in the reticular formation of the pons [(Pneumotaxic Area & Apneustic Area), Both with medullary rhythmicity area in the medulla, help control respiration (breathing movements).] |
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Term
| functions of MIDBRAIN OR MESENCEPHALON |
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Definition
1. cerebral peduncles
2. red nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
1.Is a motor area of the brain concerned with coordinating subconscious movement of skeletal muscles.
2.The cerebellum also functions in maintaining equilibrium and controlling posture.
3.Is related to predicting the future position of a body part during a particular movement.
-Used in actions such as walking. |
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Term
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Definition
Ataxia - lack of muscle coordination.
Intention Tremor- shaking during deliberate voluntary movement |
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Term
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Definition
Thalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
1. Some nuclei serve as relay stations for all sensory impulses, except smell, to the cerebral cortex.
a. Medial Geniculate Nuclei - hearing
b. Lateral Geniculate Nuclei - vision
c. Ventral Posterior Nuclei - general sensation and taste
2. Other nuclei serve as centers for synapses in the somatic motor system.
a. Ventral Lateral Nuclei - voluntary motor actions
b. Ventral Anterior Nuclei - voluntary motor actions and arousal.
3. functions as an interpretation center for some sensory impulses, such as pain, light touch, temperature, and pressure.
4. In the Reticular formation |
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Term
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Definition
| Subthalamic nuclei are associated with basal nuclei and are involved to controlling motor functions. |
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Term
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Definition
Habenular nuclei – Are influenced by the sense of smell and are involved in emotional and visceral responses to odors.
Pineal body – Appear to play a role in controlling the onset of puberty. May also influence the sleep-wake cycle. |
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Term
| more functions of the hypothalamus |
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Definition
6. It controls normal body temperature.
7. It regulates food intake through two centers:
a. Feeding (hunger) center - responsible for hunger sensations.
b. Satiety Center - stimulated when sufficient food has been ingested and sends nerve impulse that inhibit the feeding center.
8. It contains a thirst center.
9. It is one of the centers that maintains the waking state and sleep patterns.
10. It exhibits properties of a self-sustained oscillator and, as such, acts as a pacemaker to drive many biological rhythms.
11. produces HORMONES |
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Term
| functions of the HYPOTHALAMUS |
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Definition
1. Controls and integrates the autonomic nerve system, which regulates contraction of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle and secretion of many glands.
2. It is involved in the reception and integration of sensory impulses from the viscera.
3. It is the principal intermediary between the nervous system and the endocrine system - the too major control systems of the body.
4. It is the center for the mind-over-body phenomenon.
5. It is associated with feelings of rage and aggression. |
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Term
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Definition
Results in abnormal body movements, such as uncontrollabile shaking - tremor and involuntary movement of skeletal muscle.
*Destruction of a substantial portion of the caudate nucleus results in almost total paralysis of the side of the body opposite to the damage.
*The caudate nucleus is an area often affected by a stroke. |
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Term
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Definition
| Play a central role in basic survival functions such as memory, reproduction, and nutrition. It is also involved in emotions and memory. (Memory impairment results from lesions in the limbic system). Although behavior is a function of the entire nervous system, the limbic system controls most of its involuntary aspects. Other experiments have shown that the limbic system is associated with pleasure and pain. *It is sometimes called the "Visceral" or "Emotional" brain because it assumes a primary function in emotions such as pain, pleasure, anger, rage, fear, sorrow, sexual feelings, docility, and affection. |
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Term
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Definition
| an abrupt but temporary loss of consciousness following a blow to the head or a sudden stopping of a moving head. No visible bruising. |
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Term
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Definition
| a visible bruising of the brain due to trauma and blood leaking from the microscopic vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| tearing of the brain, usually from a skull fracture or gunshot wound. |
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Term
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Definition
1.Nourish and protect brain.
2.further protects the brain and the rest of CNS against injury. |
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Term
| functions of cerebral spinal fluid |
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Definition
1. mechanical protection
2. chemical protection
3. circulation |
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Term
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Definition
-also called the prosencephalon
a. telencephalon, which becomes the Cerebrum
b. Dicephalon stays Dicephalon |
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Term
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Definition
| -Also called the Mesencephalon which remains a single structure |
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Term
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Definition
-also called the Rhombencephalon
a. Metencephalon becomes the pons and cerebellum
b. Myelencephalon becomes the medulla |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to focus on nearby objects |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excessive fluid pressure in the eyeball |
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Term
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Definition
| impaired hearing associated with aging |
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Term
| Stroke (cerebrovascular accident) |
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Definition
-characterized by an abrupt onset of persisting neurological symptoms such as paralysis or loss of sensation that arise from destruction of brain tissue
-risk factors implicated in CVAs are high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, heart disease, narrowed carotid arteries, Transient Ischemic Attacks etc |
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Term
| Transient Ischemic Attack |
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Definition
-an episode of temporary cerebral dysfunction caused by impaired blood flow to the brain
-symptoms include dizziness, weakness, numbness, or paralysis in a limb or in one side of the body (etc., page 539) |
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Term
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Definition
-a disabling senile dementia, the loss of reasoning and ability to care for oneself, that inflicts about 11% of population over 65.
-at autopsy, brains of AD victims show 3 distinct structural abnormalalities:
1. loss of neurons that liberate ACh
2. Beta-amyloid plaques
3. neurofibrillary tangles |
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Term
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Definition
-an abnormal growth of tissue in the brain that may be malignant or benign
*malignant or benign BRAIN tumors may be equally serious |
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Term
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Definition
| learning disorder characterized by poor or shot attention span, a consistent level of hyper-activity, & a level of impulsiveness inappropriate for the child's age |
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