Term
| The number of alveolar make neonates more prone to respiratory conditions. Why? |
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Definition
| Neonates only have 10% of alveoli found in adults p 7 |
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Term
| What anatomic and physiologic differences exist in respiratory tract of young children? |
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Definition
| The larynx is located two to three cervical verterbrae lower than adults and for them it is at ie C3 - C4 p 7 |
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Term
The trachea is shorter and smaller in children with the following implications EXCEPT:
a)greater risk for airway obstruction
b)Decreased resistance to airflow
c)Inhaled air is warmed less effectively
d)Increased risk of aspiration |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are infants and toddlers are more prone to middle ear infections & effusions? |
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Definition
| short & straight/horizontal eustachian tubes p5 |
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Term
| Why do young children have rapid heart rates? |
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Definition
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Term
Why are infants more prone to hypothermia?
a)Increased body surface area
b)proportionately smaller head
c) overdeveloping sweating & vasoconstriction
d)High amounts of subcut fat |
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Definition
| a) Increased body surface area |
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Term
Renal function including glomerular filtration rate is immature until age:
a)1 year
b)2 years
c) 3 years
d) 5 years |
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Definition
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Term
When prescribing oral meds to a 4month old the healthcare provider must consider which of the following:
a)Pancreatic enzyme activity is less until 4 -6 months, which affects bioavailability of medications
b)Gastric PH is acidotic affecting oral med absorption
c) Hepatic enzyme activity is less until age 3 & speeds up drug metabolism
d)Infants and young children have a rapid gastric emptying time |
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Definition
| a)Pancreatic enzyme activity is less until 4 -6 months, which affects bioavailability of medications P 10 |
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Term
Care must be taken when administering topical meds to children younger than 2 years because:
a) Infants are more likely to rub off medications
b) Thin epidermis results in more rapid absorption of drugs
c) Topical Medications are not effective in this age group, the equivalent oral form must be prescribed
d) Difficult to titrate a safe dose |
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Definition
| b) Thin epidermis results in more rapid absorption of drugs p 4 |
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Term
Infants are more prone to increased body temperatur ena dfebirle seizures because of:
a)Overdeveloped peripheral vasodilation
b)Underdeveloped peripheral vasodilation
c)Increased flushing when crying
d) Decreased body surface area |
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Definition
| b)Underdeveloped peripheral vasodilation p 15 |
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Term
The length of a childs small intestine is larger with a greater surfacea relative to body size. This results in:
a)less water absorption
b) more water absorption
c)Less electrolyte loss with diarrhea
d) Firmer stools |
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Definition
| a)less water absorption p 10 |
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Term
The respiratory rate lowers to near adult levels around age 8-9 years because
a)respirations become thoracic
b)Cardiac function improves
c)Less repsiratory secretions are poduced
d)Tidal volume increases |
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Definition
| a)respirations become thoracic p 8 |
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Term
Children have a higher metabolic rate than adults> Becuas eof othis, because of this children are more prone to:
a) wound infections
b)Weight gain
c)Growth delay
d)Dehydration |
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Definition
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Term
A child's radial pulse may not be easily palpable until age 6 years because of:
a) undeveloped Left ventricle muscle
b)High resting cardiac output
c)low systolic BP
D)displaced apical impulse |
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Definition
| a) undeveloped Left ventricle muscle p 9 |
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Term
Rib fractures are uncommon in young children because
a)Ribs do not protrude from the thorax
b)Ribs are inflexible in children
c)High percentage of cartilage
d)Normal protruding abdomen protects the ribs |
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Definition
| c)High percentage of cartilage p 13 |
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Term
Transient esotropia is within norml limits until age:
a) 3 months'
b) 6 months
c) 9 months
d) 12 months |
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Definition
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Term
Infants and children metabolize medications more slowly than adults because of:
a)low serum bilrubin concetration
b) impaired liver conjugation reactions
c)higher levels of plasma albumin and globulin
d) decereased heaptic enzyme function |
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Definition
| d) decereased heaptic enzyme function p 10 |
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Term
Which of the folloowing is a cliinical implication of an immaturneurologic system in children?
a)Beginning control of bowel and bladder does not occur until about 2 year of age
b)Neonates and young infants have a less permeable blood-brain brarrier, preventing the passage of large, lipid soluble molecules
c) The BP is more consistent in the noenonatal period
d)Gross motor development occurs more slowly than fine motor development |
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Definition
| a)Beginning control of bowel and bladder does not occur until about 2 year of age p 12 & 14 |
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Term
Infectious illness are common in children age 6 year and younger because of:
a)Active reticuloendothelial system
b)Underdeveloped cell mediated & humoral immunity
c)High amounts of fetal Hgb at birth
d) Continued passive immunity after age 6 months |
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Definition
| b)Underdeveloped cell mediated & humoral immunity p 12 |
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Term
Young children have well developed lymph tissue at birth and it continues to grow beyond normal adult size. At what age does lympth tissue begin to decrease to normal adult size?
a)6 -8 years
b)8- 10
c)10-12
d)12-14 |
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Definition
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