Term
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Definition
the smallest blood vessels
Location of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid |
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Term
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Definition
(inner layer)
Includes endothelium and surrounding CT |
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Term
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Definition
(middle layer)
Smooth muscle in a framework of loose CT
Muscle activity influences vessel diameter and blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
(outer layer)
Connective tissue sheath, fibers typically blend into nearby tissues to anchor the blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs as smooth muscle contracts |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs as smooth muscle relaxes |
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Term
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Definition
A bulge in an arterial wall
Is caused by weak spot in elastic fibers
Pressure may rupture vessel |
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Term
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Definition
Large vessels such as pulmonary trunk and aorta
Tunica media has many elastic fibers and few muscle cells
Elasticity evens out pulse force |
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Term
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Definition
Are medium sized (most arteries)
Many muscle cells in tunica media |
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Term
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Definition
| Are small with little/no tunica externa and thin/incomplete tunica media |
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Term
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Definition
| Are the only vessels that permit exchange between blood and interstitial fluid |
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Term
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Definition
Permit diffusion of water, small solutes, and lipid-soluble materials
Have very restricted permeability (tight junctions)
For example, the blood–brain barrier |
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Term
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Definition
Have pores in endothelial lining
Permit rapid exchange of water and larger solutes between plasma and interstitial fluid
Are found in choroid plexus, endocrine organs, kidneys, intestinal tract |
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Term
| Sinusoids (Sinusoidal Capillaries) |
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Definition
Have gaps between adjacent endothelial cells that permit free exchange of water and large plasma proteins
Found in liver, spleen, bone marrow, and some endocrine organs |
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Term
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Definition
| a band of smooth muscle that regulates flow into the capillary |
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Term
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Definition
| a joining of blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
The cycling of contraction and relaxation of capillary sphincters
Causes blood flow in capillary beds to constantly change routes |
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Term
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Definition
Folds of tunica intima
Prevent backward flow |
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Term
| Heart, arteries, and capillaries contain |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Capillary blood flow is determined by |
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Definition
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Term
| Flow (F) is directly proportional to |
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Definition
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Term
| Flow (F) is inversely proportional to resistance (R) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Arterial pressure in the systemic circuit |
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Term
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Definition
| resistance to flow caused by interactions among molecules and suspended materials in a liquid |
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Term
| Whole blood viscosity is about _____ times greater than water |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| swirling action that disturbs the smooth flow of a liquid |
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Term
| As blood flows from the aorta to the capillaries, the cross-sectional area _____ and blood velocity _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Peak arterial pressure during ventricular systole |
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Term
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Definition
| Minimum arterial pressure during diastole |
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Term
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Definition
| Difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Hypertension is abnormally high BP
Greater than |
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Definition
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Term
Hypotension is abnormally low BP
Less than |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Arterial walls stretch during systole and rebound (recoil to original shape) during diastole
Keeps blood moving during diastole |
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Term
| the 3 most important processes driving capillary exchange |
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Definition
| Diffusion, filtration, and reabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of ions or molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration |
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Term
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Definition
is the movement of a fluid across a membrane whose pores restrict certain solutes based on their size
Driven by hydrostatic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| is the return of fluids into the bloodstream |
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Term
| Net capillary hydrostatic pressure tends to |
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Definition
| push water and solutes out of capillaries and into the interstitial fluid |
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Term
| Net capillary colloid osmotic pressure (plasma proteins) tends to |
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Definition
| pull water and solutes into a capillary from the interstitial fluid |
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Term
| Net filtration pressure = |
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Definition
| hydrostatic pressure – osmotic pressure |
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Term
| Tissue perfusion is affected by (3 things): |
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Definition
Cardiac output
Peripheral resistance
Blood pressure |
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