Term
Changes in P
Temp Constant
(gas) |
|
Definition
delta U hat = 0
delta H hat = 0 |
|
|
Term
Changes in P
Temp Constant
(liquid/solid) |
|
Definition
delta U hat= 0
delta H hat = V(hat)*delta P |
|
|
Term
Changes in Temp
P is constant
(gas) |
|
Definition
delta U hat = integral from T1 to T2 of Cv dT
delta H hat = integral from T1 to T2 of Cp dT
|
|
|
Term
Changes in T
P is constant
(solid/liquid) |
|
Definition
delta U hat = integral from T1 to T2 of Cv dT
delta H hat = integra from T1 to T2 of Cp dT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
delta U hat= integral from T1 to T2 of CvdT
delta H dat = integral of T1 to T2 CpdT |
|
|
Term
Change in T and P
(solid/liquid) |
|
Definition
delta U hat = integral from T1 to T2 of CvdT
delta H hat = integra from T1 to T2 of CpdT + V(hat)*deltaP |
|
|
Term
Phase Change at constant T and P
vaporization/condensation
|
|
Definition
delta U hat = (delta heat of vaporization)- R*T
delta H hat = dela heat of vaporization |
|
|
Term
Phase Change at Constant T and P
(melting and freezing) |
|
Definition
| delta U hat = delta H hat = delta Heat of fusion (Hm) |
|
|
Term
| Cp or Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure |
|
Definition
Cp = a +bt+ct^2+dt^3 or a+bt+ct^-2
Cp = Cv for liquids and solids
Cp = Cv + R for ideal gases |
|
|
Term
m(dot) = (A*u1)/V(hat)1
where A = cross-sectional area - (D^2*pi)/4 |
|
Definition
therefore,
(D1^2*u1)/V(hat)1 = (D2^2*u2)/V(hat)2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| = delta H hat- deltaP*V(hat) |
|
|
Term
| Closed System Energy Balance |
|
Definition
| Q+W = delta U +deltaKE+deltaPE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Q(dot)+ Ws(dot) = m(dot)*deltaH(hat)+m(dot)*deltaKE + m(dot)*deltaPE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -high pressure to shaft work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (gc*deltaP)/density + deltau^2/2 + g*deltaz = 0 units in m^2/s^2 |
|
|
Term
| Density of Water at 4 degrees C |
|
Definition
pH20 = 1.000 g/cm^3
= 1000 kg/m^3
= 1 kg/L
= 62.43 lbm/ft^3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| = (1 kg*m/s^2)/1N = (32.174 lbm*ft/s^2)/1 lbf |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
= 9.8066 m/s^2
= 32.174 ft/s^2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -for ideal gases, delta U is zero when delta T is zero |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Q is positive when added to the system
-W is positive when done on the system |
|
|
Term
| First Law of Thermodynamics |
|
Definition
"law of conservation of energy"
total energy of the universe is constant, energy is neither created or destroyed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| W(dot) = Ws(dot)+netWfl(dot)=Ws(dot)-delta(PVdot) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Q+W = deltaH + deltaEk + deltaEp (all dotted) |
|
|
Term
| Enthalpy 'H' and Internal Energy 'U' Expression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delta H = sigma(n(dot)*h(hat))out - sigma(n(dot)*h(hat))in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shaft work to high enthalpy(pressure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shaft work to high enthalpy (pressure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high enthalpy (pressure) to kinetic energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kinetic energy to high enthalpy (pressure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cp for a molecular compound
(solid or liquid at or near 20 oC) is
the sum of contributions for each
element in the compound. (table in back of book for reference) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| State Functions vs. Path Functions |
|
Definition
state = u(hat) and h(hat)
path = Q and W (depend on path chosen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
H(hat) is a function of temperature, but not pressure for ideal gases
H(hat) is function of both temp and pressure for real gases and liquids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A state is defined by all three of these:
Temperature
Pressure
Phase |
|
|
Term
| Reference of Steam Tables |
|
Definition
| Liquid water at the triple point, 0.01 degrees C and 0.00603 atm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cpmix(T)= sigma(yi*Cpi(T)f) |
|
|
Term
| Estimation of Latent Heat of Vaporization??? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hr = partial of H20/vp of H20 *100 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Temp at which humid air becomes saturated if cooled at constant pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the volume occupied by 1 kg DA plus the water vapor that it contains |
|
|
Term
| Specific Enthalpy of Saturated Air |
|
Definition
H(hat) (kJ/kg DA)
Enthalpy of one kg of dry air plus the water it contains at saturation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deltaHsoln = Hmix - (total enthalpies of pure solvent and solute)
at same temp and pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -occurs when heat is not exchanged with the surroundings |
|
|
Term
| Flash Calculations from Lecture 19 pg.20*** |
|
Definition
|
|
