Term
| t or f the nervous system controls all body functions,maintains homeostasis,and allows the body to respond to many varities of changing conditions |
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Definition
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Term
| what are nervous tissues consisted of |
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Definition
| masses of neurons (nerve cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| electrochemical changes transmitted by neurons to other neurons and to cells outside the system |
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Term
| t or f dendrites recieve electrochemical signals while axons send out electrochemical signals |
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Definition
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Term
| what do bundles of axons consitute |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the functions of neuroglial cells |
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Definition
| provide insulation,phyiscal support to neurons,and nutrients to neurons |
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Term
| what does the CNS consist of |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the PNS consist of |
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Definition
| peripheral nerves connecting the CNS to other parts of the body |
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Term
| t of f the nervous system can be divided into the CNS and PNS |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the PNS can be furthur divided into the sensory and motor functions |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the motor functions can be divided into somatic and autonomic functions |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the autonomic nervous system is not under our control and includes the smooth,cardiac,and gland effectors |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the somatic nervous system is voluntary and includes skeletal muscle effectors |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the autonomic system can be furthur divided into sympathtic and parasympathetic systems |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the sympathetic system is the fight or flight system |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the parasympathic system includes the rest and digest |
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Definition
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Term
| what are sensory receptors |
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Definition
| located at the ends of periphreal and provide the senses for nervous functions |
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Term
| t or f sensory receptors detect changes in the body's internal as well as external environment and relay information |
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Definition
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Term
| where are effectors located |
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Definition
| they are response structures located outside the nervous system |
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Term
| t or f consciously controlled motor functions are handled by the somatic nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f invoulntary effectors are controlled by the autonomic nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f neuroglia can divide while most neurons cannot |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| b/t neurons and blood vessels forms the blood brain barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| they cover specialized brain parts and form inner linings |
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Term
| t or f microglial cells are found throughout the CNS and are phagocytic |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f oligodendrocytes are found along nerve fibers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| are neuroglial cells in the PNS that form a myelin sheath around axons |
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Term
| t or f astrocytes form the blood brain barrier |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f neurons vary greatly in size and shape and are similar in structure |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| they have a cell body,dendrites,and axons |
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Term
| what are cell bodies made up of |
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Definition
cell membrane
granular cytoplasm
organelles |
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Term
| t or f most neurons have an axon arising from the axonal hillock on the cell body |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f larger axons are enclosed around a myelin sheath that are tightly wound around the axons |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| they are the areas around the schwann cells containing most of the cytoplasm and nuclei outside the myelin sheath |
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Term
| what are the nodes of Ranvier |
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Definition
| narrow gaps b/t the Schwann cells |
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Term
| t or f larger axons are enclosed in myelin sheaths that originate from Schwann Cells |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f an axon with myelinated sheaths are myelinated |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f axons that are w/o sheaths are called unmyelinated |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f groups of myelinated axons are white in color forming white matter |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f unmyelinated axons form the gray matter |
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Definition
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Term
| what are sensory (afferent) neurons |
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Definition
| carry nerve impulses from the peripheral body parts into the brain or spinal cord |
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Term
| what are motor (efferent) neurons |
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Definition
| carry impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors |
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Term
| what are interneurons (associated or interneuronal) |
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Definition
| they are found inside the brain and spinal cord some of thier cell bodies form masses called nuclei which are similar to ganglia |
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Term
| where are multipolar neurons found |
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Definition
| cell bodies lie within the brain or spinal cord and make up most of the neurons |
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Term
| where are the bipolar neurons found |
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Definition
| exist in specialized parts of the eyes,nose and ears |
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Term
| t or f unipolar neurons often aggregate in specialized ganglia located outside the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f nerve pathways dont carry nerve impulses |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in a junction b/t any two communicating neurons |
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Term
| t or f the actual gap b/t the two neurons is known as the synaptic cleft |
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Definition
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Term
| where do neurons communicate b/t the gaps |
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Definition
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Term
| what are presynaptic neurons |
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Definition
| neurons that carry impulses into a synapse |
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Term
| what are the neurons recieving the impulse called |
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Definition
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Term
| what is synaptic transmission |
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Definition
| the process of the impulse crossing synaptic cleft |
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Term
| t or f neurotransmitters carry the impulses across the synaptic cleft |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the distal ends of the axons called |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens when an impulse reaches a synaptic knob |
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Definition
| the synaptic vesicles release a neurotransmitter which either excite or inhibt a postsynaptic cell |
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Term
| t or f the synaptic knobs contain the synaptic vesicles |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f a cell membrane surface is electrically charged (polarized) compared to its inner contents |
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Definition
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Term
| why is the cell membrane surface charged |
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Definition
| unequal amounts of positive and negative ions important for the conduction of nerve and muscle impulses |
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Term
| what is an action potential |
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Definition
| a change in neuron membrane polarization and a return to its resting state |
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Term
| t or f action potentials form a nerve impulse propagated along an axon |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f sodium ions have more outside of them and more potassium ions inside of them |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f sodium and potassium ions move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration based on permeability |
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Definition
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Term
| what is it called when there is a a difference of charges |
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Definition
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Term
| what is resting potential |
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Definition
| the potential difference in a resting nerve cell |
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Term
| t or f when a neurons resting potential decrease what happens |
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Definition
| the neuron becomes depolarized |
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Term
| t or f the amount of change in resting potential is proportional to the amount of the stimulus |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the greater the stimulation the greater the depolariztion |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the threshold potential |
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Definition
| having a sufficiently amount of depolarized neurons |
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Term
| what happens during an action potential |
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Definition
| sodium channels open and sodium diffues freely inward the membrane becomes depolarized |
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Term
| what happens to the potassium in an action potential |
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Definition
| potassium channels open to allow potassium to diffuse freely outward |
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Term
| t or f during an action potential the inside of the membrane becomes briefly hyperpolarized and then repolarized to its resting state |
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Definition
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Term
| what are excitatory neurotranmitters |
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Definition
| they increase post synaptic membrane permability to sodium ions |
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Term
| t or f inhibitory neurotransmitters are those that it make it less probably that the threshold will be reached |
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Definition
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Term
| how many different types of neurotransmitters are there |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what are some major neurotransmitters |
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Definition
acetyycholine
amino acids
monoamines
neuropeptides
gases |
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|
Term
| what is convergence in a neuron |
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Definition
| axons that originate from different areas of the nervous system but lead to the same neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| impulses that leave a neuron in a neuronal pool |
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Term
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Definition
| nerves that conduct impulses to the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| they carry impulses to glands or muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| consist of both sensory and motor fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| simplest type of nerve pathway |
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Term
| t or f the reflex arc is used for involuntary actions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| with receptors at the ends of neurons |
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Term
| what does a refelex center consist of |
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Definition
| within the CNS consists of interneurons that communicate with motor neurons |
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Term
| t or f reflexes are automatic responses to stimuli |
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Definition
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Term
| what is an example of a reflex |
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Definition
| knee jerk reflex uses only 2 neurons |
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Term
| what ligament must be struck for the reflex to occur |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the CNS surrounded by |
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Definition
| bones,fluids,and membranes |
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Term
| t or f the meninges protect the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how many layers of the meninges are there |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what are the 3 layers of the meninges |
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Definition
dura matter
arachnoid matter
pia matter |
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Term
where does the arachnoid matter lie
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Definition
| thin weblike lies b/t the dura and pia matter |
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Term
| what is b/t the arachnoid and pia matter |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the thin pia matter contains what |
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Definition
| blood vessels and nerves that nourish the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| what is the epidural space |
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Definition
| the membrane around the spinal cord separating it from the vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| thin column of nerves leading from the brain to the vertebral canal |
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Term
| how many spinal nerves are there |
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Definition
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|
Term
| where is the lumbar enlargement found |
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Definition
| in the lower back supplies the nerves to the upper limbs |
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Term
| t or f the spinal cord can be divided into right and left halves by a deep anterior median fissure and a shallow posterior median fissure |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the inner core of the spinal cord is made graymatter surrounded by white matter |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| major nerve pathways are made up of long bundles of myelinated nerve fibers |
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Term
| t or f the spinal cord conducts nerve impulses as well as spinal reflexes |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how many neurons compose the brain |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what parts can the brain be divided into |
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Definition
cerebrum
diencephalon
brainsteam
cerebellum |
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Term
| what is the function of the cerebrum |
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Definition
| coordinates sensory and motor functions |
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Term
| t or f the diencephalon processes additional sensory information |
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Definition
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|
Term
| t or f the brainstem connects nervous system componets and regulates certain visceral activities |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is the function of the cerebellum |
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Definition
| coordinates voulntary muscular movements |
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|
Term
| what is the structure of the cerebrum |
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Definition
| it is divided into two large cerebral hemispheres one to the left and one to the right |
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|
Term
| what is the corpus callosum |
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Definition
| is a deep bridge of nerve fibers that connects the hemispheres separted by a layer of dura matter |
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|
Term
| what is the cerebral cortex |
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Definition
| thin layer of gray matter comprisng the outer portion of the cerebrum |
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|
Term
| what are the lobes of the cerebral cortex |
|
Definition
frontal
parietal
temporal
occiptal
insula |
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|
Term
| t or f the cerebrum also coordinates intellignece and personality |
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Definition
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|
Term
| t or f most of the motor areas are located in the frontal lobes |
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Definition
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|
Term
| t or f interconnected cavities known as ventricles exist within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what are the specilized capillaries that secrete and project into the CSF |
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Definition
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|
Term
| t or f the diencepahlon is located above the cerebral hemisphere above the midbrain |
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Definition
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|
Term
| t or f the diencephalon is composed mostly of gray matter |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a bundle of nervous tissue connecting the cerebrum to the spinal cord with many tracts of nerve fibers and several nuclei |
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|
Term
| t or f the brain stem includes the midbrain,pons,and medulla oblongata |
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Definition
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|
Term
| t or f the medulla oblongata includes the cardiac vasomotor and respiratory centers |
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Definition
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|
Term
| t or f the cerebellum is a large mass of tissue below the occiptal lobes of the cerebrum |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how many pairs of cranial nerves are there |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how many pairs of spinal nerves are there |
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Definition
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