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| a mythical Greek warrior who was a leader on the Trojan side of the Trojan War; hero of the Aeneid. |
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| free from feeling controlled by feelings. To control your feelings in such a way that they don't muck up what you are trying to do. A stoic doctrine that man must learn to ignore passions (eg, fear, greed, grief, joy), which disturb his peace of mind. |
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| Socrates for the defense. |
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| The basis of revolutionary architecture. The barrell vault: a tunnel commonly found as a vaulted ceiling creaking a dome-like apperance; ring vault: groin vault:A stone ceiling created by the crossing of two barrel or tunnel vaults and characterized by their x-shaped creases when seen from below. Dome and apse:Semicircular recess in a wall, especially in a chuch or Roman law court. |
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Self denial, self discipline for spiritual reasons. One who renounces material comfort and leads a life of severe hosterity and self discipline especially as an act of religious devotion.took the banner of asceticism for the next two hundred years culminating in the Dead Sea Sect. Asceticism is rejected by modern day Judaism; it is considered contrary to God's wishes for the world. God intended for the world to be enjoyed, in a permitted context of course. The Talmud says that "if a person has the opportunity to taste a new fruit and refuses to do so, he will have to account for that in the next world". There are different categories of pleasure. From simple, short lived things, like eating something tasty, to more complex pleasures, such as the satisfaction of succeeding in a difficult task. The closest Judaism comes to asceticism is when it tries to teach people to enjoy the more intellectual and spiritual pleasures, and not to chase after the simpler pleasures. However, Judaism does not encourage people to seek pleasure for its own sake but rather to do so in a spiritual way. An example would be thanking God for creating something enjoyable, like a wonderful view, or tasty food. As another example, sex should be enjoyed while remembering that a person may be fulfilling the commandments of marriage and pru-urvu (procreation), but that it should also be enjoyed. Food can be enjoyed by remembering that it is necessary to eat, but by thanking God for making it an enjoyable processes, and bnot overeating, or eating wastefully. Jews believe that God could just as easily have made food nutritious but bland, or sex could be an uncontrollable drive, however that is not what God wanted. God wanted people to take pleasure in living in his world. |
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the capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess) It is the borthpace of many philosophers like Socrates.
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| The atonement is a doctrine found within both Christianity and Judaism. It describes how sin can be forgiven by God. In Judaism, Atonement is said to be the process of forgiving or pardoning a transgression. This was originally accomplished through rituals performed by a High Priest on the holiest day of the Jewish year: Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement). In Christian theology the atonement refers to the forgiving or pardoning of sin through the crucifixion of Jesus Christ which made possible the reconciliation between God and creation |
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Autarky/Cynicism/Diogenes/Asceticism
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Diogenes is a cynic. He talks about autarky (very important to cynics) which is sef regulation, rule, and sufficency. It is about living a virtuous life. Evil is caused by our desires and we bring unhappiness upon ourselves because we want things. Diogenes was called the dogman and preached that the scandal mankind feels is all an invention of themselves. He believed in being a citizen of the world and reconized no boundaries. Diogenes also believed in asceticism and that "only virtue matters." The focus was on individual ethics, an idea started by Socrates. |
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Materialism is reality made out of material/sunstance. It is where the Unified Field Theory transcended from. The copostion of our planet is one single sunstance. In contrast, Idealism is the idea that ideas are more real than anything else. This comes from Plato and the Allegory of the cave where he believes the forms are the most real of all. |
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