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Ch. 10 Mendel and Meiosis
Ables/Brown flashcards review
24
Biology
9th Grade
02/01/2008

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Term
Heredity
Definition
the passing on of characteristics from parent to offspring
Term
Traits
Definition
Characteristic that are inherited from parents. Determined by genes
Term
Gregor Mendel
Definition
The monk who first studied genetics and determined how characteristic would be passed to offspring.
Term
Hybrids
Definition
offspring of parents who has different forms of a particular trait
Term
Monohybrid cross
Definition
the cross of parents with only one trait difference
Term
Alleles
Definition
Factors that control heredity
Term
Genes
Definition
Located on chromosomes and control traits of offspring
Term
Dominant
Definition
the trait that always shows in the offspring.
Term
Recessive
Definition
Traits that are in the genes, but not seen in the offspring
Term
Codominant
Definition
When 2 alleles are seen in offspring.
Term
Incomplete dominance
Definition
When neither allele is dominant and there is a mixing like white and red parents = pink offspring.
Term
Phenotype
Definition
How the offspring looks or acts
Term
Genotype
Definition
The alleles of the offspring.
Term
Homozygous
Definition
The alleles are the same
Term
Law of Independent Assortment
Definition
Traits are inherited independently of each other
Term
Punnett Square
Definition
A square used as a device used to show all the possible outcomes of alleles
Term
Meiosis
Definition
The process of cell division of sex cells with haploid numbers of chromosomes.
Term
Diploid
Definition
Normal cells with 23 pair (46) chromosomes in humans.
Term
Haploid
Definition
Sex cells both egg and sperm that have on half (23) chromosomes.
Term
Zygote
Definition
When the egg and sperm unite and combine their chromosomes to make 46 chromosomes
Term
Recombination
Definition
When chromatids wrap around each other during prophase and exchange some genetic material
Term
Nondisjunction
Definition
When some chromosomes fail to separate during miosis. This causes more than 23 in one sex cells and less in another
Term
Trisomy
Definition
When a zygote ends up with an extra chromosome (nondisjunction), sometimes causes Down's Sydrome
Term
Polyploidy
Definition
When nondisjunction causes a gamete to have 3 sets of chromosomes (3n)
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