Term
some recurring motifs in biochemistry |
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Definition
1: the use of activated carriers 2: the existence of a recurring set of activated characters in all organisms |
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why ATP is an activated carrier of phosphoryl groups |
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Definition
because phosphoryl transfer from ATP is energetically favorable |
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a recurring motif in biochem |
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Definition
the use of activated carriers |
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Definition
small molecule carrying activate functional groups that can be donated to another molecule |
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examples of activated carriers |
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Definition
-ATP carries activated phosphoryl groups -coenzyme A carries activated acyl groups -activated carriers of electrons for fuel oxidation -activated carriers of electrons for the synthesis of biomolecules -an activated carrier of 2-Carbon fragments |
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many activated carriers function as... |
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small organic molecules that serve as cofactors for enzymes |
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the ultimate electron acceptor in the oxidation of fuel molecules |
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Definition
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the flow of electrons from fuel molecules to O2 |
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Definition
fuel molecules --> pyridine nucleotides or flavins --> O2 |
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an example of a pyridine nucleotide |
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a pyridine nucleotide that is a major electron carrier in the oxidation of fuel molecules |
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depiction of NAD+ reduction |
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Definition
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depiction of redox rxn involving NAD+ |
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major electron carriers in the oxidation of fuel molecules |
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Definition
-NAD+
-FAD
these are both oxidized forms |
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depiction of redox rxn involving FAD |
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oxidized and reduced forms of FAD/FADH2 |
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Definition
synthesizing something from precursors that are more oxidized than the products |
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most biosynthesis is this type of biosynthesis |
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the electron donor in most biosynthesis |
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key difference between NADH and NADPH |
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Definition
NADPH contains one more phosphate group |
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key difference between the uses of NADH and NADPH |
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Definition
NADPH used almost exclusively for reductive biosynthesis while NADH is used primarily for the generation of ATP |
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Definition
almost exclusively for reductive biosynthesis while NADH is used primarily for the generation of ATP |
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Definition
primarily the generation of ATP |
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why acetyl CoA has high acetyl group transfer potential |
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Definition
because transfer of the acetyl group is exergonic (i.e., thermodynamically favorable) |
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Term
why the kinetic stability of NADH, NADPH, FADH2, ATP, and acetyl CoA in the absence of specific catalysts is essential foor their biological function |
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Definition
because it allows enzymes to control the flow of free energy and reducing power |
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Term
one of the unifying motifs in biochem |
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Definition
the existence of a recurring set of activated characters in all organisms |
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many activated carriers are derived from... |
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organic molecules needed in small amounts in the diets of many higher animals |
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