Term
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Definition
| The ability to resist disease or damage from foreign substances or altered cells |
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Definition
| A non-specific category of immunity that is present at birth |
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Definition
| To target any harmful substances that the immune system finds |
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Definition
| Harmful or disease-causing organism |
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Definition
| An enzyme that destroys the cell walls of some bacteria |
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Definition
| a small phagocytic cell that are found in large numbers in the GastroIntestinal Tract that promotes phagocytosis and inflammation |
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Definition
| The main phagocytic cells that either stay in the a certain area or flow through the bloodstream |
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Definition
| Chemicals that are released from Helper T Cells that stimulate the macrophages and kills bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Lymphocytes like B and T Cells that are produced in the red bone marrow that recognize and kill many types of tumor and virus-infected cells |
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Definition
| Proteins secreted by Natural Killer Cells that punch holes in the membrane of a cell that has been infected by a virus |
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Definition
| Proteins secreted by Natural Killer Cells that enter the virus-infected cell's membranes and destroy their enzymes and proteins |
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Definition
| The pathway cells take to kill themselves |
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Definition
| Motile cells that release chemicals like histamine that promote inflammation, dilates the vessels, increases capillary permeability, and attract other cells to the area; Especially neutrophils |
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Definition
| Nonmotile cells that release chemicals like histamine that promote inflammation, increases capillary permeability, and attract other cells to the area, especially neutrophils |
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Definition
| Cells that reduce inflammation and secrete enzymes that kill some parasites like parasitic worms and break down chemicals released by basophils and mast cells |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that is a mediator for inflammation and a vasodilator |
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Term
| Complements (not the nice things you tell people) |
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Definition
| Group of 20 enzymes (proteins) that normally circulate the blood inactive |
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Term
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Definition
| The series of reactions for complements to be activated |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the pathways for the Complement Cascade and a part of the innate immunity that is started when the protein C3 is spontaneously activated. No antibodies required |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the pathways for the Complement Cascade and a part of the innate immunity that is started when Lectins bind to carbohydrates on the microbe, activating the complement |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the pathways for the Complement Cascade and a par to of the adaptive immunity. It is important in defending against bacteria, some parasites, and virus-infected cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins produced by plasma cells in repsonse to an antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| A structure that punches holes in the plasma membrane of a virus-infected cell |
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Term
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Definition
| The alteration of microorganisms in such a way that makes them easier to phagocytize |
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Definition
| Proteins that protect against viral infections and even some forms of cancer induced by viruses |
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Definition
| Inflammation that is confined to a specific area |
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Term
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Definition
| Reddening of the skin and a symptom of inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| Heat and a symptom of inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| Swelling and a symptom of inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| A mass of cells and fluid that has seeped out of blood vessels or an organ especially common in inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules produced by inflamed endothelial cells that roll along the endothelial surface, eventually binding to the surface |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of CAMs rolling along the endothelial surface and eventually binding to the surface |
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Term
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Definition
| A mixture of dead neutrophils, degraded tissue cells, pathogens, macrophages, and fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation in many parts of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemicals released by cells and microbes that increases the body's temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of the immune system that has specific resistances |
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Term
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Definition
| To be able to launch an response (attack) against a specific invader and be able to have the response be faster and stronger with each recurring encounter |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to specifically recognize a particular substance |
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Definition
| Responses improving each time a specific invader is encountered |
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Definition
| Substances that stimulate the adaptive immunity |
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Definition
| Antigens introduced from the outside of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Antigens produced by the body that stimulate an adaptive immune system response |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease caused by antibodies or lymphocytes produced against substances naturally present in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Small molecules that combine with large proteins and produce an adaptive immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to carry out immune responses if properly stimulated |
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Term
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Definition
| Lymphocytes that fail to attack the body's own proteins and other antigens |
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Term
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Definition
| The state of unresponsiveness of lymphocytes to a specific antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the selection processes that T Lymphocytes go through that ensure that only T cells able to recognize self-made MHC proteins survive |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the selection processes that T Lymphocytes go through that ensure that only T Cells do not recognize self-made antigens displayed on the self-made MHC |
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Term
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Definition
| Lymphocytes that have not been exposed to their specific assigned antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| A subspecies of lymphocytes that eliminate antigens by secreting cytokines and promote costimulation of other T and B cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Additional signals in the T and B lymphocytes required for antigen recognition |
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Term
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Definition
| Lymphocytes that help keep the immune responses in check by inhibiting the activities of T cells and B cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Lymphocyte that remembers their specific pathogen so that they may assist in launching a faster and stronger immune response if the body is exposed to the pathogen |
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Term
| Epitopes (Antigenic Determinants) |
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Definition
| The part of an antigen which the antibody attaches itself to |
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Term
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Definition
| The cell-surface proteins on all clones of a given lymphocytes that combine with a specific epitope |
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Term
| Major Histocompatibility Complex |
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Definition
| Glycoprotein molecules attached to the plasma membranes of all cells except for erythrocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules found in the membrane of all nucleated cells that display endogenous antigens produced inside the cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules found on the surface of APCs that endocytose the foreign antigens and then display the processed antigen on the cell surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of cellular ingestion by which the plasma protein folds inward to bring substances into the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition of inactivity in which B or T cells do not respond to antigens |
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Term
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Definition
| Lymphocytes directly responsible for antigen destruction by producing substances that destroy antigens |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a B cell is first activated by an antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| Time span during which bacteria injected into a fresh medium have not begun to multiply although they may enlarge |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when there is subsequent exposure to the same antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| The natural exposure to antigens resulting in an individual's immune system to mount a response |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibodies from the mother transferred to her child through the placenta or milk |
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Term
| Active Artificial Immunity |
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Definition
| Antigens are deliberately introduced in a vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
| Lab made or partially dead antigens injected into the body to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against a specific virus or viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of deliberately introducing an antigen into an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| A re-exposure to an immunizing antigen previously injected |
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Term
| Passive Artificial Immunity |
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Definition
| Temporary protection in which antibodies that are produced by another person/animal and are injected into some who needs immediate protection against a specific antigen that does not produce memory cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Serum without clotting proteins that contains antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| Longer lasting passive artificial immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| Short lasting passive artificial immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease caused from the immune system failing to recognize parts of the body and starts to attack its own tissues |
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Term
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
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Definition
| Inflammatory disease of the connective tissue and cells |
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Term
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Definition
| A damaging immune response by the body to a substance that has become hypersensitive to |
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Term
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Definition
| Antigens that induces the allergic reaction |
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Term
| Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction |
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Definition
| Antibodies interacting with allergens and causes symptoms to appear within a few minutes |
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Term
| Anaphylaxis (Anaphylactic Shock) |
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Definition
| Systemic antibody mediated reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| An allergic reaction that is mediated by T cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypersensitivity to allergens that contact the skin or mucus membranes |
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Term
| Tissue (Transplant) Rejection |
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Definition
| Immune response mounted against "non-self" transplanted organ or tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Immunosuppressant drug that inhibits T cells |
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Term
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Definition
| The transformation of normal cells that leads to changes within the cell and on the cell surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Antigens on the surface of cells that are altered by self-made antigens that may be detected by cells of the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| Concept that the immune system detects cancer cells and destroys them before a tumor can form |
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Term
| Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease |
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Definition
| A rare genetic disorder characerized by the disturbed development of functional T and B cells caused by numerous genetic mutations that result in heterogeneous clinical presentation |
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Term
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
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Definition
| A life threatening disease that compromises the immune system that allows the opportunistic infections |
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Term
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
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Definition
| A virus that destroys the Helper T cells by injecting their genetic material into them |
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Term
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Definition
| The genetic code of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
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Term
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Definition
| The stage of converting the single stranded viral RNA genome into a double stranded DNA gneome |
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Term
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Definition
| The stage of inserting viral DNA into the host cell's DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| An infection caused by pathogens that have taken advantage of an opportunity not normally available like the host having a weakened immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| The stage large viral protein is broken down into smaller proteins for incorporation into new Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
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Term
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envolope |
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Definition
| Lipid bi-layer containing glycoproteins that help the virus enter target cells |
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Term
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cocktail |
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Definition
| Combination of 2 reverse transcriptase inhibitors and 1 protease inhibitor |
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