Term
|
Definition
| the view that crime is a function of a decision making process in which the potential offender weighs the potention costs and benefits of an illegal actions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a movement in 18th century Europe that sought to movilize the power of reason in order to reform society and adavance knowledge .
Promoted science and intellectual interchange and opposed superstition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the theroretical perspectiving suggesting:
1) people have free will to choose criminal or conventional behaviors
2) people choose to commit crimes for reasons of greed or personal need
3) crime can only be controlled by the fear of criminal sanctions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the idividual who, before choose to commit a crim, evaluates the risk of apprehension, the seriousness of the expected punishment, the potential value of the criminal enterprise, and his or her immediate need for criminal gain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| offenders react selectively to the characteristics of particular offenses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| before deciding to commit crime, individuals determine whether they have the prerequisites to commit a successful criminal act, incluidng the proper skills, motives, needs, and fears |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the state of being a criminal; a criminal act or practice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| professional shoplifters who use complex methods to avoid detection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neighborhood with a greater than usual number of access streets from traffic arteries into the neighborhood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the wxhilarating, monetary integration of danger, risk, and skill that motivates people to try a variety of dangerous criminal and noncriminal behaviors |
|
|
Term
| Situational crime prevention |
|
Definition
| the perspective that crime prevention can be achieved by reducing opportunities people have to commit particular crimes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the term that signifies that crime can be prevented or displaced through the use of residential architectural designs that reduce criminal opportunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| those who manage crime, naely guardians (who monitor target), handlers (who monitor offenders), and managers (who monitor places) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process whereby efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another and when control efforts in one locale reduce crime in other non-target areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process whereby crime efforts targeting a specific locale help reduce crime in surrounding areas and populations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an effect of crime prevention efforts in which efforts to control crim ein one area shift illegal activities to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the concept that crime rates are influenced and controlled by the threat of criminal punishment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sub-branch of choice theory that suggests choice is structured by the fear of punishment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sudden changes in police activity designed to increase the communicated threat or actual certainty of punishment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sanctions or consequences administered by people or organizations that are not associated with teh CJ system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the perspective that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that known criminals will never repeat their criminal acts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| placing offenders behind bars during their prime crime years should lessen their lifetime opportunity to commit crime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| punishment is needed to preserve the social equity disturbed by crime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an aspect of desert theory that is concerned with teh rights of the accused; an offender should not be treated more of less responsible or culpable than is warrented by the character of his or her offense |
|
|
