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| unlimited and undisclosed spending by an individual or group on communications that do not use words like "vote for" or "vote against" although much of this activity is actually about electing or defeating candidates |
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| a term used by James Madison and other founders of this country to refer to political parties, as well as what we now call special intrests or intrest groups |
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| a collection of people who share some common interest or attitude and seek to influence government for specific ends. Interest groups usually work within the framework of government and employ tactics such as lobbying to achieve their goals. |
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| a large body of people interested in a common issue, idea, or concern that is of continuing significance and who are willing to take action on that issue. Movements seek to change attitudes or institutions, not only policiies. |
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| a company with a labor agreement whereby union membership cannot be required as a condition of employment |
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| a company with a labor agreement whereby union memberhsup is a condition of employment. |
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| an individual who does not join an interest group representing his or her interests, yet receives the benefit of the influence the group achieves. |
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| this official document, published every weekday, lists new and proposed regulations of executive departments and regulatory agencies. |
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| literally "friend of the court" brief, this document is filed by an individual or organization to present arguements in addition to those presented by the immediate parties to the case. |
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| activities aimed at influencing public officials, especially legislators and the policies they enact |
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| a person who is employed by and acts for an organized interest group or corporation to try to influence policy decisions and positions in the executive and legislative branches |
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| the employment cycle in which individuals work, in turn, for governmental agencies regulating interests and then for the interest groups or businesses with the same policy concern |
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| a mutually supporting relationship among interest groups, congressional committees and subcommittees and government agencies that share a common policy concern |
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Term
| political action committee (PAC) |
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Definition
| the political arm of an interest group that is legally entitled to raise funds on a voluntary basis from members, stockholders, or employees in order to contribute funds to favored candidates or political parties |
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Definition
| a tactic of political action committees whereby they collect contributions from like minded individuals (each limited to $2,000) and present them to a candidate or political party as a "bundle" thus increasing their influence |
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Term
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Definition
| unlimited contributions to a state or local political party for party-building purposes |
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