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Chapter 03
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14
Chemistry
10th Grade
04/23/2009

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Term
Law of conservation of mass
Definition
states that mass in neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes
Term
Law of definite proportions
Definition
A chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound
Term
Law of multiple proportions
Definition
states that if two or more different compound is composed of the same two elements, the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers
Term
Atom
Definition
is the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element
Term
Nuclear forces
Definition
Short-range proton-neutron, proton-proton, and neutron-neutron forces that hold the nuclear particles together
Term
Atomic number
Definition
is the number of protons of each atom of that element
Term
Isotopes
Definition
are atoms of the same element that have different masses
Term
Mass number
Definition
is the total number of protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an isotope
Term
Nuclide
Definition
is a general term for a specific isotope of an element
Term
Atomic mass unit
Definition
1 amu, is exactly 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Term
Average atomic mass
Definition
is the weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotope of an element
Term
Mole
Definition
is the amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12
Term
Avogadro’s number
Definition
is the number of particles in exactly one mole of a pure substance
Term
Molar mass
Definition
the mass of one mole of a pure substance
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