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| the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element |
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| the total mass of an, which is the mass in grams of 1 mole of the atoms |
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| the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designated by a subscript to the left of the elemental symbol |
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| the making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter |
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| the starting material in a chemical reaction |
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| a material resulting from a chemical reaction |
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| a substance consisting of 2 or more different elements combined in a fixed ration |
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| a type of bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons |
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| a type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity |
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| a covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive |
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| a measure of mass for atoms and subatomic particles; the same as the atomic mass unit, “amu” |
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| a subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge and a mass about 1/2000 that of a neutron or proton. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom |
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each orbital holds up to 2 electrons (s,d,p)
- electrons are distributed into the electron orbital’s (2 per orbital according to the periodic table. |
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| any substance that can’t be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions |
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| the energy level is determined by its location relative to the nucleus, that location is called the electron shell it is in. |
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| When new reactants are formed by the reverse reaction at the same rate new products are being formed, the reaction is said to be in _________ |
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| a type of weak chemical bond that’s formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule. |
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| (noble gases) have all 8 electrons :) |
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| a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions |
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| one of the several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass |
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| anything that takes up space and has mass |
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| the sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule |
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| the number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro’s number of molecules |
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In lab, solutions are made using molarity units (M), where 1 molar = 1 M = 1 mole of substance / liter of solution
1M NaCl in water = 24.31 g NaCl dissolved in water to a final volume of 1 liter |
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| an atom’s central core, containing protons and neutrons |
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| a subatomic particle having no electrical charge, with a mass of about 1.7x10-24g, found in the nucleus of an atoms |
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| table of all the elements you dumb shit |
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| the energy that matter posses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement (structure) |
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| - a subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, with a mass of about 1.7x10-24g, found in the nucleus of an atom |
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| an isotope that is unstable; the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and energy |
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| the bonding capacity of a given atom; usually equals the number of unpaired electrons require to complete the atom’s outer most shell |
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| the outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of that atom |
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| an electron in the outermost electron shell |
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| Van der Waals interactions |
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Definition
| weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from localized charge fluctuations |
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