Term
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Definition
Skeletal muscles (Voluntary/striated) are muscles whose action is under voluntary control.
Cardiac muscle: found only in the heart. it is striated, but produces rhytmic involuntary contractions like smooth muscle.
Smooth muscles (involuntary/ visceral muscles) are muscles whose actions are involuntary. Found principally in the visceral organs, walls of arteries and respiratory passages, and urinary and reproductive ducts. Contraction of smooth muscle is controlled by the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system. |
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Definition
| Any body part attached to a main structure (i.e. arms and legs) |
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Definition
| Spongy or porous structure, as found at the ends of long bones |
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Definition
| Ligaments that cross each other forming an within the notch between the femoral condyles. ALong with other structures, the cruciate ligaments help secure and stabilize the knee. |
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Definition
| production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow |
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Definition
| Movement, posture, produce body heat, act as protective covering for internal organs. |
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Definition
| Provide the framework of the body, protect internal organs, store calcium and other minerals, produce blood cells within bone marrow (hematopoiesis). Provide points of attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments. |
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Term
| Types of bones (short, irregular, flat, long) |
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Definition
Short bones - cube shaped, consist of a core of spongy bone, also known as cancellous bone, enclosed in a thin surface layer of compact bone. Examples of short bones include the bones of the ankles, wrists, and toes.
Irregular - include the bones that cannot be classified as short or long because of their complex shapes. Examples include vertebrae and the bones of the middle ear.
Flat bones. Provide broad surfaces for muscular attachment or protection for internal organs. Examples = skull, scapula, and sternum.
Long bones are found in the appendages, such as the legs, arms, and fingers. |
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Term
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Definition
Diaphysis = shaft consisting of compact bone that forms a cylinder and surrounds a central canal called the medullary cavity which contains fatty yellow marrow in adults and consists primarily of fat cells and a few scattered blood cells.
Distal epiphysis and proximal epihysis = the two ends of the bones. Both ends have a somewhat bulbous shape to provide space for muscle and ligament attachments near the joints. the epiphyses are covered with articular cartilage, a type of elastic connective tissue that provides a smooth surface for movment of jionts. It also reduces friction and absorbs shock at the freely movable joints. In addition, the epiphyses are made up largely of a porous chamber of spongy bone surrounded by a layer of compact bone. Within spongy bone is red bone marrow, which is richly supplied with blood and consists of immature and mature blood cells in various stages of development. In adults, production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis) occurs in red bone marrow which is also responsible for the formation of white blood cells (leukopoiesis_ and platelets.
Periosteum - a dense, white, fibrous membrane, covers the remaining surface of the bone. It contains numerous blood and lymph vessels and nerves. In growing bones, the inner layer contains the bone-forming cells known as osteoblasts. because blood vessels and osteoblasts are located here, the periosteum provides a means for bone repair and general bone nutrition. Bones that lose periosteum through injury or disease usually scale or die. Periostuem also serves as a point of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons. |
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Term
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Definition
Skull - Consists of eight bones (Frontal bone, parietal bones, occipital bone, temporal bones, sphenoid bone, ethymoid bone). Facial bones
Ribcage - first 7 are true ribs that attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilage, next 5 ribs are false ribs - not directly attached, last 2 false ribs are floating ribs that do not attach to the sternum at all.
Vertebral column is composed of 26 vertebrae 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx |
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Term
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Definition
pectoral (Shoulder girdle) - consists of the clavicle and scapula. FX= attach bones of upper limbs to the axial skelton and provide attachments for muscles that aid upper limb movments.
UPper limbs. humerus, radius , ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.
Pelvic girdle - attaches lower limbs to axial skeleton, supports trunk of the body, and provides protection for the visceral organs of the pelvis. Ilium, ishium, and pubis (combined called the innominate bone)
Lower limbs - support the complete weight of the erect body and are subjected to exceptional stresses, esp. in running or jumping. these bones are specialized for stability and weight bearing. includes femur, tibia and fibula, 7 tarsals, metatarsals, and phlanges. |
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Term
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Definition
diarhroses: freely movable
amphiarthroses: slighlty movabel
synarthroses: immovable.
Synovial joints - joints that allow movement - end of bones are encased in a sleevelike extension of the periosteum called the joint capsule with a synovial membrane that surrounds the inside of the capsule that secrete libricating synovial fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
stiffness, bent, crooked.
i.e. ankylosis: abnormal condition of stiffness. Ankylosis results in immobility and stiffness of a joint. It may be the result of trauma, surgery, or disease and most commonly occurs in rheumatoid arthritis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
humpback
kyphosis: abnormal condition of a humpback posture. |
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Term
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Definition
lamina (part of vertebral arch
i.e. laminectomy: excision of the lamina. Laminectomy is usually performed to relieve compression of the spinal cord or to remove a lesion or herniated disk. |
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Term
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Definition
curve, swayback
i.e. lordosis: abnormal condition of a swayback posture |
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Definition
bone marrow; spinal cord
i.e. myelocyte: bone marrow cell |
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Definition
straight
i.e. orthopedist: specialist in treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Initially, an orthopedist corrected deformities and straightened children's bones. In today's medical practice, however, the orthopedist treats musculoskeletal disorders and associated structures in persons of all ages. |
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Term
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Definition
bone
osteoma: tumor composed of bone
osteomas are benign bony tumors |
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Term
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Definition
foot, child
i.e. pedography: instrument for recording the foot. A pedograph is an instrument for recording an imprint of the foot on paper, and the gait
pedicure: care of feet |
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Term
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Definition
crooked, bent
i.e. scoliosis: abnormal bending of the spine |
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Term
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Definition
chest
i.e. throacodynia: pain in chest |
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Term
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Definition
| acromion (projection of the scapula) |
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Term
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Definition
carpus: wrist bone
i.e. carpoptosis: wrist drop |
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Term
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Definition
head
i.e. cephalad: toward the head |
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Term
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Definition
neck; cervix
i.e. cervicodynia: pain in the neck; also called cervical neuralgia |
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Term
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Definition
rib
i.e. costectomy: excision of a rib |
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Term
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Definition
fingers, toes
i.e. dactylitis: inflammation of fingers or toes |
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Term
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Definition
ilium (lateral flaring portion of hip bone
i.e. iliopelvic |
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Term
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Definition
ischium (lower portion of hip bone)
i.e. ischiodynia |
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Term
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Definition
metatarsus (foot bones)
i.e. metatarsalgia. emanates from the heads of the metatarsus and worsens with weight bearing or palpation. |
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Term
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Definition
foot
i.e. podiatry: treatment of the feet
-iatry: medicine, treatment |
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Term
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Definition
vertebrae
i.e. spondylitis. note, the combining form spondyl/o is used to describe diseases and conditions, vs the CF verteb/o is used to indicate anatomical terms. |
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Term
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Definition
smooth muscle
i.e. leimyoma: tumor of smooth muscle |
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Term
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Definition
rod-shaped
i.e. rhabdoid; resembling a rod |
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Term
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Definition
rod-shaped (striated) muscle
i.e. rhabdomyoma: tumor composed of striated muscular tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
band, fascia
i.e. facioplasty: surgical repair of fascia |
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Term
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Definition
tendon
i.e. tenodesis: surgical binding or fixation of a tendon
(-desis = binding, fixation of a bone or joint) |
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Term
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Definition
weakness, debility
i.e. myasthenia: weakness of muscle (and abnormal fatigue) |
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Term
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Definition
embryonic cell
i.e. myoblast: embryonic cell that develops into muscle |
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Term
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Definition
to break, surgical fracture
i.e. osteoclasia: surgical fracture of a bone.
Osteoclasia is the intentional fracture of a bone to correct a deformity and is also called osteoclasis |
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Term
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Definition
to break
i.e. osteoclast: cell that breaks down bone.
an osteoclast destroys the matrix of a bone. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to maintain a constant bone size in adults. |
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Term
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Definition
binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)
i.e. arthrodesis: binding together of a joint |
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Term
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Definition
softening
i.e. chondromalacia: softening of cartilage
chondromalacia is a softening of the articular cartilage, usually involving the patella |
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Term
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Definition
growth
i.e. epiphysis: growth upon (the end of a long bone)
the peiphyses are the enlarged proximal and distal ends of a long bone. |
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Term
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Definition
porous
i.e. osteoporosis: porous bone.
Osteoporosis is a disorder characterized by loss of bone density. It may cause pain, especially in the lower back; pathological fractures; loss of stature; and hairline fractures. |
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Term
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Definition
visual examination
i.e. arthroscopy: visual examination of a joint.
Arthroscopy is an endoscopic examination of the interior of a joint. It is performed by inserting small surgical instruments to remove and repair damaged tissue, such as cartilage fragments or torn ligaments. |
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Term
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Definition
without, not
i.e. atrophy: without nourishment.
Atrophy is a wasting or decrease in size or physiological activity of a part of the body because of disease or other influences. |
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Term
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Definition
bad, painful, difficult
dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
union, together, joined
i.e. syndactylism: condition of joined fingers or toes. Syndactylism is a fusion of two or more fingers or toes. |
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Term
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Definition
| branch of medicine concerned with prevention, diagnosis, care, and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| physician who specializes in treating joint disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| maintains that good health requires proper alignement of bones, muscles, ligaments, and nerves. DO's combine manipulative procedures with state-of the art methods of medical treatment, including prescribing drugs and performing surgeries. |
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Term
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Definition
closed (simple) fracture:bone is broken but not external wound exists.
Open (compound) fracture involves a broken bone and an external wound that leads to the site of fracture. Fragments of bone may protrude through the skin
Complicated fracture: a broken bone has injured an internal organ, such as when a broken rib pierces a lung.
Comminuted fracture: the bone has broken or splintered into pieces.
Impacted fracture occurs when the bone is broken and one end is wedged into the interior of another bone.
Incomplete fracture: the line of fracture does not completely transverse the entire bone.
Greenstick fracture: broken bone does not extend through the entire thickness of the bone, one side of thebone is broken, and one side of the bone is bent.
Colles fracture: break at the lower end of the radius, occurs just above the wrist. Causes displacement of the hand and usually occurs as a result of flexing a hand to cushion a fall.
Hairline fracture: minor fracture in which all portions of the bone are in perfect alignment. The fracture is seen on radiographic examination as a very thin hariline between the two segments but not extending entirely through the bone.
Pathological (spontaneous) fractures: caused by a disease process such as a neoplasm or osteoporosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Infection of the bone and bone marrow that may be acute or chronic, primarily caused by pus-forming (pyogenic) bacteria. This disease usually begins with local trauma to the bone causing a blood clot (hematoma). Difficult to treat, may result in destruction (necrosis) of the bone and stiffening or freezing of the joints (ankylosis) |
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Term
| Paget Disease (osteitis deformans) |
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Definition
| Chronic inflammation of bones resulting in thickening and softening of bones. Can occur in any bone, but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull. Generally found in persons over age 40. |
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Term
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Definition
| Common metabolic bone disorder in the elderly, particularly in postmenopausal women esp older than age 60. It is characterized by decreased bone density that ocurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation. Causes include disturbances of protein metabolism, protein deficiency, disuse of bones due to prolonged periods of immobilization, estrogen deficiencies associated with menopause, a diet lacking vitamins or calcium, and long-term admin. of high doses of corticosteroids. |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal curvature of the upper portion of the spine. caused by Rheumatoid arthritis, rickets, poor posture, or chronic respiratory diseasees. Tx = spine stretching exercises, sleeping with a board under the mattress, and wearing a brace to straighten the kypotic curve, surgery is rarely required. |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal, inward curvature of a portion of the lower back, cause by increased weight of the abdominal contents, resulting from obesity or excessive weight gain during pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
C-shaped curvature of the spine - abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. caused by chronic poor posture during childhood while vertebrae are still growing, or the result of one leg being longer than the other.
Tx depends on the severity of the curvature and may vary from exercises, PT, and back braces to surgical intervention. Untreated may lead to pulmonary insufficiency, back pain, sciatica, disk disease, or even degenerative arthritis. |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and commonly changes in structure.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)- a systemic disease characterized by inflammatory changes in joints and their related structures, resulting in crippling deformaties, caused by an autoimmune reaction of joint tissue. Intensified aggravations (exacerbations) of this disease are commonly associated with periods of increased phsycial or emotional stress. In addition to joint changes, muscles, bones, and skin adjacent to the affected joint atrophy. TXs: NSAIDs, physical therapy, and orthopedic measures.
Osteoarthritis, also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) is the most common type of connective tisue diesease. Cartilage destruction and new bone formation at the edges of joints (spurs) are the most common pathologies seen with osteoarthritis. May result in fusion of two bone surfaces, thereby completely immobilizing the joint. Small hard nodules may form at the distal interphalangeleal joints of the fingers (heberden nodes)
Gouty arthritis, metabolic disease casued by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the blood. These crystals may become deposited in joints and soft tissue near joints, causing painful swelling and inflammation. Gen. affects the big toe, but any joint may be involved. Sometimes, renal calculi (nephroliths) form because of uric acid crystals collecting in the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| A genetic disease characterized by gradual atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue. several types, most common = Duchenne dystrophy, affects boys more than girls. transmitted as a sex-linked disease passed from mother to son. As MD progresses, loss of muscle function affects not only skeletal muscle but also cardiac muscle. Presently no cure, and most children die before age 30. |
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Term
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Definition
| MG - a neuromuscular disorder that causes fluctuating weakness of certain skeletal muscle groups (eyes, face, sometimes limbs). Characterized by destruction of the receptors in the synaptic region that respond to acetylcholine, (neurotransmitter). As the disease progresses, the muscle becomes increasingly weak and may eventually cease to function altogether. Women affected more than men. Inital symptoms include weakness of the eye muscles and didfficulty swallowing (dysphagia). Later, difficulty chewing and talking, eventurally, muscles of limbs may become involved. MG can be controlle. |
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Term
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Definition
| arise directly from bone or bone tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
arise from another region of the bone and metastsize to bone.
Malignancies that originate from bone, fat, muscle, cartlige, bone marrow, and cells of lymphatic system are called sarcomas.
Fibrosarcoma - develops in cartilage and generally affects the pelvis, upper legs, and shoulders. usually bw age of 50-60.
Osteosarcoma - develops from bone tissue and generally affects the knees, upper arms, and upper legs gen. bw age 20-25
Ewing sarcoma - develops from primitive nerve cells in bone marrow. gen. affects the shaft of long bones but may occur in the pelvis or other bones of the arms or legs. gen. affect young boys bw ages 10-20 |
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Term
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Definition
| stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of diesease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion. |
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Term
| Carpal Tunnel syndrome (CTS) |
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Definition
| Painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist. To treat a ganglion cyst, the cyst is aspirateed and injected with an anti-inflammatory agent. |
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Term
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Definition
| Effusion of blood into a joint cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow. Multiple myeloma is a progressive, typically fatal disease that causes multiple tumor masses and bone fractures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord. Also called bone spur. |
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Term
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Definition
| Perceived sensation, following the amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists. |
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Term
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Definition
| replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremetiy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also calle drachitis |
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Term
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Definition
| Fragment of necorsed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it.
Spnondyl/o: vertebrae
listhesis: slipping |
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Term
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Definition
| Degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues. Spondylosis may cause pressure on nerve roots with subsequent pain or paresthesia in the extremities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete. A complete tear of a major ligament is especially painful and disabling. ligamentous tissue does not heal well because of poor blood supply. Treatment usually consists of surgical reconstruction of the severed ligament. |
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Term
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Definition
| To exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular. |
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Term
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Definition
| Partial or incomplete dislocation |
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Term
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Definition
| Congenital deformity of one or both feet in whcih the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side, also called clubfoot. In talipes, the heel never rests on the ground. Treatment consists of applying casts to progressively straighten the foot and surgical correction for severe cases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of radiographys taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| Radiographic procedures that use low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD_ Bone density tests are used to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occurred. The areas of decreased density indicate osteopenia and osteoporosis. There are two types of bone density tests, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA) scan, also known as none densitometry, and computed tomography (CT) |
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Term
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Definition
| Imaging technqieu that uses an x-ray beam and a computer to make a series of cross-sectional images of a body part, which together make up a three-dimensional view of the area scanned; formerly called CAT. The CT scan identifies various types of tissue abnormalities, but bony structures appear particularly clear. Thus, CT scan is one of the most sensitive studies for early detection of joint disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures by injecting a contrast medium. Discolgraphy is sued to diagnose suspected cases of herniated disk. |
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Term
| Lumbosacral spinal radiography |
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Definition
| radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lwer spine. The most common indication for lumbosacral (LS) spinal radiography is lower back pain. It is used to identify or differentiate traumatic rractures, spodylosis, spondylolithesis, and metastatic tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions. |
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Term
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Definition
| nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide. After absorption of the radioactive substance, a scanner detects the radioactive tracer and makes a photographyic recording (scintigram) of radionuclide distribution using a gamma camera to detects areas of uptake, called hotspots. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scinitgraphy procedure in which radionuclide is injected intrvenously and taken up into the bone. Bone scintigraphy is used to detect bone disorders, especially arthritis, fractures, osteomyelitis, bone cancers, or areas of bony metastases. Areas of increased uptake (hot spots_ are abnormal and may be infection or cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Procedure that restores a bone to its normal position. Following reduction, the bone is immobilized with an external device to maintain proper alighnement during the healing process. Closed reduciton: Reduction procedure where fractured bones are realigned by manipulation rather than surgery. Open Reduction: Reduction procedure taht treats fbone fractures by placing the bones in their proper position using surgery. I open reduciton of a complicated fracture, an incision is made at the fracture site and the fracture is reduced. Often internal fixation devices such as nails, screws, or plates are required to fix the fracture fragments in their correct anatomical position. |
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Term
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Definition
| Application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or other material to a body part to immobilize it during the healing process |
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Term
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Definition
| Application of an orthopedic device to an injured body part for immobilzation, stabilization, and protection during the healing process. A splint is constructed from wood, metal, or plaster or Paris and may be moveable or immovable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture and facilitate the healing process. |
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Term
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Definition
Partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or circulatory disease.
After the extremity is removed, the surgeon cuts a shaped flap from muscle and cutaneous tissue to cover the end of the bone and provde cushion and support for a prosthesis. The most common reason for limb loss is peripheral vascular disease casued by a blood flow blockage from cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope that contains a magnifying lens, fiberoptic light, and miniatrue camera tha projects images on a monitor. Istruments are introduced into the joint space through a small incision in order to carry out diagnostic and treatement procedures. Arthroscopy is also performed to correct defects, excise tumors, and obtain biopsies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Implanting or transplanting bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Excision of bursa (padlike sac or cavity foud in CT, usually in vicinity of joints) |
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Term
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Definition
| Excision of the psoterior arch of a vertebra. Laminectomy is most commony performed to relieve the symptoms of a ruputered intervertebral (slipped_ disk. |
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Term
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Definition
| surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace a worn out prothesis. Generally more complicated than original surgery. Bone RS: revision surgery are often required to correct bone infection, misalignments of bones, broken prosthesis, and fractures of the bone around the prostheses. |
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Term
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Definition
Excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)
Sequestr: separation |
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Term
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Definition
| Excision of a synovial membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis. In THR, the femoral head and the acetabulum are replaced with a metal ball and stem (prosthesis). The acetabulum is plastic coated to avoid metal-to-metal contact on articulating surfaces; the stem is anchored into the central core of the femur to achieve a secure fit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Treat and prevent hypocalcemia. Over the counter calcium supplements are numerous and are contained in may antacids as a secondary therapeutic effect. THey are used to prevent osteoporosis when normal diet is lacking adequate amounts of calcium. I.e. calcium carbonate: Calci-mix, Tums; Calcium citrate: cal-citrate 250, citracal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system. Gold salts contain actual gold in capsules or in solution for injection. This agent prevents further disease progression, but cannot reverse past damage. I.e.auranofin (Ridaura) aurothioglucose (Solganal) |
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Term
| Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) |
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Definition
| Decrease pain and suppress inflammtion. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to treat acute musculoskeltal conditions, asuch as sprains and strains, and inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthrisis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, gout, and dendinitis. (i.e. ibuprofen, advidl, Motrin; naproxen - Aleve, Naprosyn). |
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Term
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Definition
| relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation. Salicylates have anti-inflammatory abilities and alleviate pain. Aspirn (acetylsalicyc acid) is the oldest drug in this classification that is used to tx arthritis (i.e. aspirin - Acuprin, Aspergum, Bayer Aspirin. Magnesium salicylate - Magan, Mobidin) |
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Term
| Skeletal muscle relaxants |
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Definition
| Relieve muscle spasms and stiffness. These drugs are also perscribed for muscle spasms due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injery, cerebral palsy, and strok. I.e. cyclobenzaprine - Flexeril. methocarbamol and aspirin - Robaxin. |
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Term
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Definition
ACL- anterior cruciate ligament
AE - above the elbow
AK - above the knee
BE - barium enema; below the elbow
BK - below the knee
C1 - denotes cervical vertbrae
Ca - Calcium, cancer
CDH - congenital dislocation of the hip
CTS - carpal tunnel syndrome
CT - computed tomography
DEXA, DXA - dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
DJD - degenerative joint disease
EMG - electromyography
Fx - fracture
MG - myasthenia gravis
HD - hemodialysis; hip disarticulation; hearing disease
HNP: herniated nucleus pulposus (herniated disc)
HP - hemipelvectomy
IS - Intracostal Space
IM - intramuscular; infectious mononucleosis
KD - knee disarticulation
MRI - magnetic resonance imaging
MS - musculoskeltal; multiple sclerosis; mental status; mitral stenosis
NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
ORTH, ortho - orthopedics
P - phosphorus; pulse
PCL - posterior cruciate ligament
RA - rheumatoid arthristis; right atrium
RF - rheumatoid factor; radio frequency
ROM - range of motion
SD - shoulder disarticulation
THA - total hip arthroplasty
THR - total hip relplacement
TKA - total knee arthroplasty
TKR - total knee replacement
TRAM - trnasverse rectus abdominus musccle. |
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