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chapter 11
chromosomes and human genetics
18
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/22/2008

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Term
autosomes
Definition
all chromosomes except for sex chromosomes (X and Y); the same in both sexes
Term
# of genes in human Y chromosome
Definition
330
Term
# of genes in human X chromosome
Definition
2062
Term
master gene for male sex determination
Definition
SRY
Term
linkage group
Definition
all the genes on one chromosome
Term
pedigrees
Definition
charts of genetic connections among individuals
Term
genetic disoreder
Definition
a heritable condition that eventually gives rise to mild to severe medical problems
Term
syndrome
Definition
set of symptoms that characterizes each abnormality or disorder
Term
disease
Definition
illness that results from an infection, dietary problems, or environmental factors (not from a heritable mutation)
Term
duplication
Definition
structural change in chromosomes where gene sequences are repeated
Term
alteration
Definition
part of the gene sequence is reversed
Term
deletion
Definition
loss of a portion of the chromosome
Term
translocation
Definition
a broken part of a chromosome is attached to a different one; typically reciprocal--both chromosomes exchange broken parts
Term
aneuploidy
Definition
having one extra or one less chromosome
Term
polyploidy
Definition
having three or more of each type
Term
nondisjunction
Definition
one or more pairs of chromosomes don't seperate during mitosis or meiosis
Term
trisonomic
Definition
having three of one type of chromosome and two of every other
Term
monosomic
Definition
having one of of type of chromosome and two of every other
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