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Chapter 1
Introduction: Biology Today
17
Biology
Undergraduate 1
01/10/2015

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Term
Biology 
Definition
The scientific study of life.
Term
biosphere 
Definition
The global ecosystem; the entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; all of life and where it lives.
Term
controlled experiment
Definition
A component of the process of science whereby a scientist carries out two parallel tests, an experimental test and a control test. The experimental test differs from the control by one factor, the variable.
Term
discovery science
Definition
The process of scientific inquiry that focuses on describing nature 
Term
ecosystem 
Definition
All the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment.
Term
hypothesis 
Definition
A tentative explanation that a scientist proposes for a specific phenomenon that has been observed.
Term
hypothesis-driven science
Definition
The process of scientific inquiry that uses the steps of the scientific method to answer questions about nature.
Term
life
Definition
The set of common characteristics that distinguish living organisms, including such properties and processes as order, regulation, growth and development, energy utilization, response to the environment, reproduction, and the capacity to evolve over time.
Term
Natural selection
Definition
A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics; differential reproductive success.
Term
Science
Definition
Any method of learning about the natural world that follows the scientific method.
Term
scientific method
Definition
Scientific investigation involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to demonstrate the truth or falseness of the hypothesis, and results that validate or modify the hypothesis.
Term
theory 
Definition
A widely accepted explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.
Term
Steps of the scientific method
Definition

observation

question

hypothesis

prediction

experiment

Term
Properties of Life
Definition

order

regulation

growth & development

energy processing

response to the environment

reproduction

evolution

Term
prokaryotic cell
Definition
simple, small, and lacking membrane-enclosed organelles, such as the nucleus
Term
eukaryotic cell
Definition
more complex, larger, and containing a nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles
Term
Domains of Life
Definition
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Eukarya
    • Kingdom Plantae
    • Kingdom Fungi
    • Kingdom Animalia
    • Protists
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