Term
Interior of the Synagogue of Dura Europa
D: ca. 245-256
P/S: End of Roman Empire Period
A: None
Pa: Unknown
L: Dura-Europos, Syria
M/T: Tempera on Plaster
F: Jewish House of worship. "Christian community", house remodeled/secondhand house.
C: Had stories of the torah on the wall. figures were stylized, tended to stand in frontal rows, there's a center niche which may have held Torah for Judaism beliefs, There were Wall Paintings of Old Testament themes. There was many middle class who attended.
DT: None
pg. 303 fig. 11.1
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Term
Ceiling of the Cubiculum,The Good Shepherd, the Story of Jonah and Orants
D: Early Fourth Century
P/S: End of Roman Empire/Beginning of Early Christianity
A: None
Pa: None
L: Rome, Italy
M/T: Tempera of Plaster, ceiling of a cubiculum, frescoe
F: Ceiling decoration
C: The polygonal frame of the Ostian spoked-wheel design became a large cricle with a cross in its center. The arms of the cross terminate in four lunettes (semicircular frames), which are very common in Ostian composition. The lunettes contain key episodes of the Old Testament story of Jonah. Left: Sailors throw Jonah from ship. Right: Jonah emerges from whale (ketos meaning sea monster), Bottom: He is safe on land and contemplates his miracle of salvation and the mercy of God. He was honored as a prefiguration, or prophetic forerunner, and was a prefiguration of Christs ressurrection.
DT: Ketos, cubiculum, lunettes.
pg. 304 fig. 11.3
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Term
Sarcophagus of Junnius Bassius
D: ca. 359 (Has date of baptism, which was the same year as his death)
P/S: Early Chrisitianity
A: None
Pa: May have been Junnius Bassius (loosely associated as patron)
L: Rome, Italy
M/T: Marble
F: Sarcophagus
C: Decorated only on three sides in the western Roman manner. It is divided into two registers of five compartments, each framed by columns in the tradition of asiatic sarcophagi. The deceased does NOT appear on the body of the coffin. In the center compartment of each register: Christ appears as a teacher enthroned between his two chief apostles: Paul and Peter: and entering Jersualem on a donkey. Upper Zone: Christ sits above a personification of the sky god holding a billowing mantle over his head, indicating christ as the ruler of the universe. Adam Eve in the second niche from the left on the lower level. To the right, is Daniel unscathed by lions saved by his faith. Upper left, Abraham is about to sacrifice Isaac.
DT: None
pg. 306 Fig. 11.5
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Term
Old Saint Peters:
D: began ca. 320
P/S: Early Christianity
A: None
Pa: Constantine
L: Rome, Italy
M/T: Timber Roof with marble/ decorated with low relief on ceiling.
F:Chapel with a basilica plan with a smaller circular plan. There was a church connected to it.
C: The church was raised upon a terrace over the ancient cemetary on the irregular slop of the Vatican Hill. It enshrined one of the most hallowed sites in Christendom, second only to the Holy Sepulscher in Jersualem, the site of Christ's Ressurrection. The project also fufilled the figurative words of Christ "Thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church." Peter was Romes first bishop. The plan and elevation resemble those of Roman basilicas and audience halls. It had a wide central nave with flanking aisles and an apse at the end. It had an colonnaded courtyard, but called an atrium which is like a central room in a private house. Worshipers emerged in the nave through a narthex or vestibule. The altar was framed by a triumphial arch. The transept housed the relics of st. peter that hordes of pilgrims came to se.
DT: None
pg. 310 Fig. 11.7
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Term
Interior of Saint Costanza
D: ca. 337-351
P/S: Early Chirstianity
A: None
Pa: Constanine
L: Rome, Italy
M/T: Brick and Marble
F: Masoleum for Constantines daughter Costantina
C: Small, Central plan Christian Church, This stood next to the basilican church of Saint Agnes. The design was modified to accomadated an ambulatory, a rinflike barrel-vaulted corridor separated from the central comed cylinder by a dozen pairs of columns. Its interior was once richly covered in mosaics, though most have been lost.
DT: Cental plan, ambulatory
pg. 312 Fig. 11.9, 11.10, 11.11
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Term
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia
D: ca. 425
P/S: Early Christianity
A: Unknown
Pa: Galla Placida's children are the patrons.
L: Racenna, Italy
M/T: Brick Shell, interior covered in mosaics/Formed in a rather small cruciform (cross-shaped) structure with barrel-vaulted arms and a tower at the crossing.
F: This represents one of the earliest successful fusions of the two late antique plans, the longitudinal (used in basilican churches), and the central (used primarily for baptisteries and mausoleums)
C: Interior is covered in the richest mosaic ensembles in Early Christian Art (See Card 7)
DT: Cruciform
pg. 315 and 316 fig. 11.14 and 11.5
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Definition
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Term
Christ as the Good Shepherd, mosaic from the entrance wall of the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia
D: ca. 425
P/S:Early Christianity
A: None
Pa: Unknown
L: Ravenna, Italy
M/T: Mosaic
F: It is the subject of a lunette above the entrance.
C: Instead of carrying the lamb, he sits among the flock, halowed and robed in gold and purple. Left and right: The sheep are distributed evenly in groups of three.
DT: None
pg. 11.15 Fig. 11.15
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