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Chapter 11-Liver/GB 1
Chapter 11-Liver/GB 1
14
Medical
Graduate
10/10/2012

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Term
detecting strutural abnormalities such as cirrhosis or fatty liver
Definition
ultrasound
Term
blocked cyctic duct such as cholecyctitis
Definition
cholescintigraphy (radionuclide imaging)
Term
tumors, abscesses, diffuse disorders (fatty liver) use what type of tests?
Definition
CT
Term
treatment and biopsy more than imaging
Definition
Percutaneous Trans-hepatic Cholangiography
Term
shows blood flow for blood vessel disorders; images of structures (MRCP magnetic resonance cholangiopacreatography)
Definition
MRI
Term
can not detect disorders of the liver, gb, or billiary tract
Definition
X ray
Term
biliary structures...allows for biopsies and removal of stones
Definition
endoscopic retrogrande cholangiopancreatography
Term

increases the levels of this enzyme are as sensitive as alkaline phosphatase for detecting cholestasis and biliary obstruction but are more specific, almost always indicating hepatobiliary dysfunction

 

because levels of alkaline phosphotase and 5'-nucleotidase do not always correlate, one can be normal while the other is increased. 

Definition
5' Nucleotidase
Term
this maybe expressed in time (sec) or preferably, as a ratio of the patients measured to the labroatory's control value. 
Definition
PT
Term
this is more accurate than PT for monitoring anticoagulation. 
Definition
INR
Term

PT or INR is a valulable measure of the livers ability to synthesize fibrinogen and vitamin K--dependent clotting factors:

 

factors II (prothombrin), V, VII, and X. Changes occur rapidly because some of the involved clotting factors have shtort biologic half lives. (6 h factor for VII). Abnormalities indicate severe hepatocellular dysfunction, and ominous sign of acute liver disorders. 

Definition
PT and INR
Term
levels of this enzyme increase the hepatobiliary dysfunction, especially cholestasis, and correlate loosley with levels of alkalkine phosphotase and 5' nucleotidase.
Definition
Gamma-glutamyl trans-peptidase
Term

levels do not increase because of bone lesions, during childhood, or during pregnancy. 

 

Howevever, alcohol and certain drugs (anticonvulsants and warfarin)  and introduce hepatic microsomal (cyto. P450) enzymes, markedly increasing GGT and thus somewhat limiting its specificity.

Definition
Gamma-glutamyl trans-pepitdase
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