In MOST cases, cariopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by:

A. respiratory arrest

B. severe chest trauma

C. a cardiac dysrhythmia

D. a drug overdose

Signs of sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. grasping the throat

B. inability to speak

C. forceful coughing

D. acute cyanosis

After the patient's airway is intubated during two-rescuer CPR, you should:

A. pause compressions to deliver ventilations

B. deliver one rescue breath every 6 to 8 seconds

C. increase rescure breath to a rate of 12 breaths/min

D. decrease the compression rate to about 80 per minute

The proper depth of chest compression on a 9-month old infant is:

A. two thirds the diameter of the chest or about 2"

B. one third to one half the diameter of the chest

C. one half to two thirds the diameter of the chest

D. one half the diameter of the chest or about 1 1/2"

To ensure that you will deliver the appropriate number of chest compressions during one rescuer adult CPR, you should compress the patient's chest at a rate of about ______ per minute. 

A. 90

B. 110

C. 80

D. 100

In a two rescuer adult CPR, you should deliver a compression to ventilation ratio of:

A. 5:2

B. 5:1

C. 30:2

D. 15:2

Gastric distention will MOST likely occur:

A. when you deliver minimal tidal volume

B. in patients who are intubated

C. if you ventilate a patient too fast

D. when the airway is completely obstructed

Basic life support (BLS) is defined as

A. any form of emergeny medical treatment that is performed by advanced EMTs, paramedics, physicians, and emergency nurses.

B. invasive emergency medical interventions such as intravenous therapy, manual defibrillation, and advanced airway management

C. basic lifesaving treatment that is performed by bystanders while EMS providers are en route to the scene of an emergency

D. noninvasive emergency care that is used to treat conditions such as airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest

Initial treatment to dislodge a severe foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive infant involves:

A. back slaps

B. blind finger sweeps

C. oxygen

D. abdominal thrusts

Which of the following maneuvers should be used to open a patients airway when a spinal injury is suspected?

A. head tilt-chin lift

B. head tilt-neck lift

C. tongue-jaw thrust

D. jaw-thrust

Basic life support is noninvasive emergency lifesaving care that is used to treat:

A. airway obstruction

B. respiratory arrest

C. cardiac arrest

D. all of the above

After _______ without oxygen, brain damage is likely.

A. 1 minute

B. 3 minutes

C. 5 minutes

D. 6 minutes

All of the following are considered advanced lifesaving procedures EXCEPT:

A. cardiac monitoring

B. mouth-to-mouth

C. administration of intravenous (IV) fluids and medication

D. use of advance airway adjuncts

In a conscious infant who is choking, you would first give five back slaps, followed by :

A. attempting to breathe

B. five chest thrust

C. checking a pulse

D. five abdominal thrust

In addition to checking level of consciousness, it is also important to protect the _______ from further injury while assessing the patient and perform CPR.

A. spinal cord

B. ribs

C. internal organs

D. facial structures

In most cases, cardiac arrest in children younger than 9 years results from:

A. choking

B. aspiration

C. congenital heart disease

D. respiratory arrest

Causes of respiratory arrest in infants and children include:

A. aspiration of foreing objects

B. airway infections

C. sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

D. all of the above

Signs of irreversible or biologic death include clinical death along with:

A. rigor mortis

B. dependent lividity

C. decapitation

D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Once you begin CPR in the field, you must continue until:

A. the fire department arrives

B. the funeral home arrives

C. a person of equal or higher training relieves you

D. law enforcement arrives and assumes responsibility

Once the patient is properly positioned, you can easily assess:

A. the airway

B. consciousness

C. disability

D. all of the above

To perform a _________, place you fingers behind the angles of the patient's low jaw and then move the jaw forward.

A. head tile-chin lift maneuver

B. jaw-thrust maneuver

C. tongue-jaw maneuver

D. all of the above

providing fast, aggresssive ventilations could result in:

A. excessive bleeding

B. rupture of the bonchial tree

C. gastric distention

D. damage to the oral pharynx

A _______ is an opening that connects the trachea directly to the skin.

A. tracheostomy

B. stoma

C. laryngectomy

D. none of the above

_______ position helps to maintain a clear airway in a patient with a decreased level of consciousness who has not had traumatic injuries and is breathing on his or her own.

A. The recovery

B. The lithotomy

C. Trendelenburg's

D. Fowler's

Cardiac arrest is determined by the absence of the pulse at the _______ artery.

A. femoral

B. radial

C. ulnar

D. carotid

The proper hand placement for chest compressions is accomplished by the heel of one hand on the sternum:

A. between the nipples

B. near the clavicles

C. over the xiphoid

D. none of the above

Complication from chest compressions can include:

A. fractured ribs

B. a lacerated liver

C. a fractured sternum

D. all of the above

When checking for a pulse in an infant, you should palpate ______ artery.

A. radial

B. brachial

C. carotid

D. femoral

The rate of compressions for an infant is atleast _______ compressions per minute.

A. 70 

B. 80

C. 90

D. 100

The ratio of compression to ventilation for infant and children is ________ for two-rescuer CPR

A. 1:5

B. 5:1

C. 15:2

D. 2:15

Sudden airway obstruction is usually easy to recognize in someone who is eating or has just finished eating because they suddenly:

A. are unable to speak or cough

B. turn cyanotic

C. make exaggerated efforts to breathe

D. all of the above

You should use ________ for women in advanced stages of pregnancy, patients who are very obese, and children younger than 1 year.

A. the blind sweep

B. back slaps

C. the abdominal-thrust maneuver

D. chest thrust

For a patient with a mild airway obstruction, you should:

A. begin chest compression

B. attempt a finger sweep to remove the foreign body

C. not interfere with the patient's attempt to expel the foreing body

D. immediately perform abdominal thrust

You should suspect an airway obstruction in the unresponsivness patient if:

A. the patient is breathing

B. you feel resistance when blowing into the patient's lungs

C. there is no pulse

D. you have adequate chest rise with each ventilation

True or False

During the primary assessment, you need to quickly evaluate the patient's airway, breathing, circulation, and level of consciousness

True or False

All unconscious patients need all elements of BLS

True or False

A person who is unresponsive may or may not need CPR

True or False

The recovery position should be used to maintain an open airway in a patient with a head or spinal injury

True or False

A barrier device should be used in performing ventilation because it will prevent aspiration of foreign objects

True or False

You should not start CPR if the patient has obvious signs of irreversible death

True or False

After you apply pressure to depress the sternum, you must follow with an equal period of relaxation so that the chest returns to normal postition.

True or False

The ratio of compressions to ventilations for one-person CPR on an adult is 2:1

True or False

Short, jabbing compressions are more effective than rhythmic compression

True or False

For infants, the preferred technique of artificial ventilation is mouth-to-nose-and-mouth ventilation with a mask or other barrier device.

True or False

You need to use less ventilatory pressure to inflate a child's lungs because the airway is smaller than that of an adult

True or False

AEDs are approved for use in children younger than 1 month of age

True or False

In the adult, the sternum should be depressed 1" to 1.5" (2.5 to 3.8 cm) during chest compression

True or False

In adult's, the compression-to-breath ratio is always 30:2 in two rescuer CPR

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Permanent brain damage may occur if the brain is without oxygen for _______ to ______ minutes

Fill-in-the-Blank

CPR does not require any equipment; however, you should use a(n) ________ device to perform rescue breathing

Fill-in-the-Blank

Because of the urgent need to start CPR in a pulseless, nonbrathing patient, you must complete a primary assessment as soon as possible and begin CPR with ___________.

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If you encounter a patient who has a hard lump beneath the skin in the chest near the heart, you should assume a patient has a ____________. 

Fill-in-the-Blank

________ ________, such as living wills, may express the patient's wishes, but these documents are not binding for all health care providers

Fill-in-the-Blank

For CPR to be effective, the patient must be lying supine on a(n) _________ surface.

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Without an open ________, rescue breathing will not be effective.

Fill-in-the-Blank

The ________ ________ _______ should be applied to an adult cardiac arrest patient as soon as it is available.

Fill-in-the-Blank

Assess for a pulse in an adult patient by palpating the __________ artery.

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A(n) ________ _______ _________ is a device that depresses the sternum via a compressed gas-powered plunger mounted on a backboard.