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Chapter 11: The Origin of the Genus Homo
The Human Species: An Introduction to Biological Anthropology, John H. Relethford
12
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
12/05/2012

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Term
Homo
Definition
A genus of hominins characterized by large brain size and dependent on culture as a means of adaptation.
Term
Homo habilis
Definition
An early species of Homo that lived in Africa between 1.9 million and 1.44 million years ago (and perhaps earlier), with a brain size roughly half that of modern humans and a primitive postcranial skeleton.
Term
Oldowan tradition
Definition
The oldest known stone tool culture.
Term
Homo rudolfensis
Definition
A species of early Homo from Africa that lived 1.9 million years ago, with a brain size somewhat larger than H. habilis but with larger back teeth and a broader face.
Term
endocast
Definition
A cast of the interior of the brain case used in analyzing brain size and structure.
Term
Homo erectus
Definition
A species of the genus Homo that arose 1.9 million years ago in Africa and then spread to parts of Asia and Europe.
Term
postorbital constriction
Definition
The narrowness of the skull behind the eye orbits, a characteristic of early hominins and Homo erectus.
Term
brow ridges
Definition
The large ridges of bone above the eye orbits, very noticeable in Homo erectus.
Term
Homo ergaster
Definition
The name given to African specimens of Homo erectus by those that argue that what has typically been called Homo erectus is actually made up of two different species.
Term
Acheulean tradition
Definition
The stone tool culture that appeared first with Homo erectus and was characterized by the development of hand axes and other bifacial tools.
Term
soft hammer technique
Definition
A method of removing flawes from a stone core by striking it with a softer material, such as bone, antler or wood.
Term
biface
Definition
A stone tool with both sides worked, producing greater symmetry and efficiency.
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