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| No law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the ress; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble. |
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| disproportionate representation of slave states in the house of Representatives |
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| Control over what a group will consider for discussion |
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| A meeting of commissioners to Remedy Defects of the Federal Government held in 1786 |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| America's first written constitution. 1777 |
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| System of Rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits but may be restrained by the power of other social institutions. |
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| form of gov. in which a single individual rules. |
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| The division of a legislative assembly into two chambers |
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| First ten amendments of Constitution, 1791. Ensures certain rights and liberties to people. |
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| Idea that groups provide members with private benefits to attract membership. Possibility of group collective action emerges as a consequence. |
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| Mechanisms through which each branch of government is able to participate in and influence the activities of the other branches |
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| Pooling of resources and the coordination of effort and activity by a group of people to acheive common goals. |
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| Constitutional government |
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| System of rule in which formal and effective limits are placed on the power of the gov. |
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| Body of fundamental principles according to which a state is acknowledged to be governed |
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| Transmission of authority to some other official or body for the latter's use |
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| System of Rule that permits citizens to play a significant part in the government process, usually though the selection of key public officials |
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| Notion that the Constitution grants to the federal gov only those powers specifically named in it's text. |
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| System of Gove. in which a constitution divides power between a central government and regional governments. |
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| Enjoying the benefits of some good or action while letting others bear the costs. |
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| The institutions and procedures through which a land and it's people are ruled |
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| Agreement reached at the Constitutional Conventiong of 1787 that gave each state and equal number of senators regardlesss of it's population but linked representation in the House of Represenatives to populations. |
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| Rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior, thereby shaping politics. |
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| Done with purpose, sometines with forethought, and even with calculation |
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| Power of the courts to declare actions of the legislative and excerutive branches invalid or unconstitutional. Supreme Court asserted this power in Marbury vs. Madison |
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| Necessary and proper clause |
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| Article I, Section8, of the Constitution. Enumerates the powers of Congress and provides Congress with the authority to make all laws "Necessary and proper" to carry them out; Elastic clause. |
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| Form of Gov. in which a small group of landowners, military officers, or wealthy merchants controls most of the governing decisions. |
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| Idea that certain possibilities are made more or less likely because of the historical path taken. |
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| Conflicts and struggles over the leadership, structure, and policies of government. |
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| Principal-agent relationship |
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| Relationship between a principal and his or her agent. |
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| Goods that, first, may be enjoyed by anyone if they are provided and, second, may not be denied to anyone once they have been provided |
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| Benefits that do not go to everyone but, rather, are distributed selectively - only to those who contribute to the group enterprise. |
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| division of governmental power among several institutions that must cooperate in decision making. |
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| Uprising lead by Daniel Shays, 1786. Followers protested the foreclosures of farms for debt and briefly succeeded in shutting down the court system |
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| Clause of Article VI of the Constitution. States that all laws passed by the national government and all treaties are the supreme lawas of the land and superior to all laws adopted by any state or any subdivision |
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| System of rule in which the gov. recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate other social institutions that might challenge it. |
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| Cost of clarifying each aspect of a principal-agent relationship and monitoring it to make sure arrangements are complied with. |
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| Oppressive gov. that employs the cruel and unjust use of power and authority. |
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| Ability to defeat somethign even if it has made it on to the agenda of an institution |
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