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Chapter 1
the study of economics
23
Economics
12th Grade
09/01/2009

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Term
Resources
Definition
the inputs that are used in production. They include natural resources (minerals, timber, rivers) labor (blue collar, white collar) and capital (machinery, buildings)
Term
Scarcity
Definition
the limited resources for production relative to the demand for goods and services
Term
Factors of production
Definition
another name for the productive resources of land, labor, and capital
Term
Land
Definition
all natural resources, including manual, clerical, technical, professional and managerical labor
Term
capital
Definition
the means of production, including computers, buildings, machinery, and tools; alternatively, it can mean financial capital, the money used to acquire the factors of production
Term
Entrepreneur
Definition
a business innovator who sees the opportunity to make a profit from a new product, new proces,, or unexploited raw material and then brings together the land, labor, and capital to exploit the opportunity
Term
Technology
Definition
the body skills and knowledge that comprises the processes used in production
Term
financial capital
Definition
the money to acquire the factors of production
Term
scientific method
Definition
a procedure to devolp explanations for events and test the validity of those explanations
Term
hypothesis
Definition
a tentative explanation of an event' used as a basis for further research
Term
economic reasoning
Definition
the application of theoretical and factual tools of economic analysis to explaining economic developments or solving economic problems
Term
free good
Definition
a production or consumption good that does not have a direct cost
Term
economic good
Definition
any good or service that sells for a price; that is, a good that is not free
Term
statistics
Definition
the data that describe economic vaiables; also the techniques of analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data
Term
institutions
Definition
decision-making units. established practices, or laws
Term
economic concept
Definition
a word or phrase that conveys an economic idea
Term
economic model
Definition
a simplified representation of the cause and effect relationships in a particular situation. Models may be in verbal, graphic, or equation form
Term
variable
Definition
a quantity such as a numver of workers, whose value changes in relationship to changes in the values of other associated items
Term
chart
Definition
a graphical representation of statistical data of other information
Term
time series
Definition
the changes in the values of a variable over time; a chart in which time is one of the variables
Term
diagram
Definition
a graph that shows the relationship between two or more variables that may or may not have values that can actually be measured; a graphical model
Term
direct relationship
Definition
a relationshi[ between two variables in which their values increase and decrease together
Term
inverse relationship
Definition
a relationship between two variables in which the value of one decreases as the value of the other increases
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