Dome of the Rock

D: 687-692

P/S: Early Islamic

A: Unknown

Pa: Unknown

L: Jerusalem

M/T: Stone, Mosaic interior, (Cement?)

F: Monumental sanctuary

C:  Muslims took the city from the byzantines in 638 and the Umayyad caliph, Abd Al-Malik. Abd Al-Malik reigned from 685-705. He was in power when the dome of the rock was erected as a monumental sanctuary between 687 and 692 as an architectural tribute to the TRIUMPH OF ISLAM.  This dome marked the coming of the new religion to the city that once and still is sarcred to Jews and Christians. It rises from a platform called the Noble Encounter. It was erected on the site of Adams burial, where Abraham was going to sacrifice was going to sacrifice Isaac, AND the Temple of Solomon the Romancs destroiyed in 70. This houses the rock which Muslims believe Muhammad ascended to heaven. It is a domed, octagon resembling San Vitale in Ravenna, It has a double-shelled wooden dome.

DT: None

Pg. 359 Fig. 13.1

Great Mosque, Syria

D: 706-715

P/S: Early Islamic Period

A: Unknown

Pa: Unknown

L: Damascus, SYRIA

M/T: Cement/Mosaic interior

F: Mosque

C: Damascus became the Umayyads new capital. There Al-Walid (who was caliph regining 705-715) bought this Byzantine Church and built ON IT a mosque. The Umayyads destroed the church, but used the Roman precinct walls as a foundation. It is constructed of masonry blocks, columns, and capitals. The courtyard is bounded by pier arcads. It has minarets. The grand praryer hall faces Mecca. The main entrance is distinguised by a facade with a pediment and arches. The facade faces into the courtyard.

DT: None

pg. 360 Fig. 13.3

Great Mosque, Kairouan

D: ca. 836-875 Mid-Eigth Century

P/S: Islamic Period

A: Unknown

Pa:Unknown

L: KAIROUAN, Tunisia.

M/T: Wooden/Stone,  Mosaic.

F: Hypostyle Mosque

C: Houses carved wooden minbar (Oldest)

DT: CHECK 13.8 FOR MOSQUE BASIC PLAN

Pg. 363 Fig. 13.7

Great Mosque, Cordoba, Spain

D:  8th-10th Centuries

P/S: Islamic Period

A: Unknown

Pa: Unknown

L: Cordoba, Spain (Capital of the Spanish Umayyads)

M/T: Ston

F: Hypostyle Prayer Hall

C: Begun in 784. This prayer hall had 36 piers and 514 columns. The mosque has double-tiered arches carrying a wooden roof. Al-Hakan 2nd (reigned 961-976)was the caliph at the time and he renovated the original mosque plan by expanding the prayer halls. He also create maqsura (Which is an area reserved for the caliph/connected to his palace by a corridor in the qibla wall.) The dome rests on an octagonal base and is crisscrossed by ribs that form an intricated pattern centered on two squares.

DT: None

Pg. 364&365 Figs. 13.11, 13.12, 13.13

Muqarnas, Dome Hall of the Two Sisters

D: 1354-1391

P/S: Islamic Period

A: Unknown

Pa: Unknown

L: Hall of the Two Sisters, Alhambra Palace, Granada, Spain

M/T: Stucco Design

F: Mosque

C: Dome of a square room rests on an octagonal drum/ It is pierced by 8 pairs of windows. It is covered in 5,000 muqarnas (Tier after tier of stalactite-like prismatic forms.) These were meant to symbolize the dome of heaven. The walls are inscribed with verses by the court poet Ibn Zamrak.

DT: Muqarnas

Fig. 13.17 Pg. 368

Madrasa-Mosque-Mausoleum Complex of Sultan Hasan

D: Begun 1356

P/S: Islamic Period

A: Unknown

Pa: Unknown

L: Cairo, Egypt

M/T; Cements/Stone

F: Madrasa (place of study/theological college devoted to the teaching of Islamic Law). This Complex housed 4 madrasas, a mosque, mausoleum, orphanage, hospital, shops, and baths, It had a large, central courtyard. This complex has 4 large Iwans ( Rectangular vaulted recesses). The largest Iwan served as a mosque.

C: None

DT: None

Fig. 13.18 Pg. 369

Mosque of Selim II

D: 1568-1575

P/S: Islamic

A: Sinan (The most famous Ottoman Architect ca. 1491-1588)

Pa: Unknown

L: Edirne, Turkey (Edirne was the capital of the Ottoman Empire from 1367-1472)

M/T: Stone

F: Mosque

C: Set by 4 pencil-thin minarets. It contained numerous annexes (Libraries, schools, libraries, hospices, baths, a soup kitchen for the poor, markets, hospitals, and a cemetary.) Sinan always kept his architecture ratio to 1:2 and was known for having sturdy and earthquake environment surviving architectural pieces.

DT: None

Fig. 13.20 Pg. 370

Great Mosque, Isfahan, Iran

D: 11th to 17th Century

P/S: Islamic

A:Unknown

Pa: Unknown

L: Isfahan, Iran

F:This 'major Islamic architectural project was built/remodeled over several centuries. The earliest mosque (8th century) was constructed during the caliphites of the Abbasids. Sultan Malik Shah 1st transformed the structure in the 11th century.

C: Consists of a large courtyard bordered by a two story arcade on each side. It has four iwans that open onto the courtyard, one at the center of each side. The sw iwan leads into a dome-covered room in front of the mihrab. This functioned as the maqsura reserved for the sultan and his attendants.

DT: None

Pg. 372 Fig. 13.23

Mihrab from the Madrasa Imami

D: ca. 1354

P/S: Late Islamic Period

A: Unknown

Pa: Unknown

L: Isfahan, Iran

M/T: Glazed mosaic tilework

F: Mihrab from the Madrasa Imami in Isfahan

C: Held excerpts from the Koran in Kufic. Muhaqqaq (which is a type of Islamic calligraphy) fills the outer rectangular frame. The outermost inscription has five pillars of Islamic Faith.

DT: Koran Kufic. Muhaqqaq

Fig. 13.25 Pg. 373

Detail of Folio 20 Verso of the Shahnama of Shah Tahmasp
D: ca. 1525-1535

P/S: Late Islamic Period

A: Sutan-Muhammad, The Court of Gayumars

Pa: Unknown

L: Tabriz, Iran

M/T: Ink, Watercolor, and Gold on paper.

F:Depicts Gayumars, the first king of Iran.

C: He presides over his court from his mountain throne. The king is surrounded by light in a golden sky.

DT: None

pg. 375 Fig. 13.27

Canteen with episodes from the Life of Christ

D: ca. 1240-1250

P/S: Late Islamic

A: Unknown

Pa: Unknown

L: From Syria

M/T: Brass inlaid with Silver

F: Canteen

C: Best exemplifies the prestige of Islamic art in western europe.

DT: None

Pg. 378 Fig. 13.30