Term
|
Definition
-serves as pump to generate a pressure gradient
-Hollow 4 chambered muscular organ:
-2 atria
-2 ventricles
-septum: divides into 2 separate pumps
-fibrous skeleton: divides into 2
functional syncytium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-septum divides into 2 pumps
-interatrial & interventricular
1.Right: receives and pumps blood LOW in oxygen; pumps to lungs (pulmonary)
2.Left: receives and pumps blood high in oxygen; pumps to body (systemic)
*both sides pump together and move equal amounts of blood
*left heart wall is much thicker b/c it has more muscle to do more work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-electrically separates the atria and the ventricles into 2 functional syncytium (doesnt conduct electricity)
-anchors myocardium
-foundation into which valves are placed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.Right and Left AV Valves
-right= tricuspid
-left= bicuspid
-open=allow blood flow into ventricles
-closed=prohibit backflow into atria
2.Aortic and Pulmonary Valves
-open=allow blood out of ventricles
-closed=prohibit backflow into ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-special adaptation for cardiac muscle
-connect individual cardiac cells to form branching fibers
1.desmosomes= rivet cells together
2.gap junctions= rapid ion movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-myogenic control=doesnt need nerves to work
-99%= contractile cells
-1%= pacemaker cells/autorythmicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-unstable membrane potential; "drift"
1.SA node
-upper wall of right atrium
-70 to 80 BPM
2.AV node
-lower interatrial septum
-40 to 60 BPM
3.Bundle of His
-upper interventricular septum
-15 to 40 BPM
-bundle branches extend through septum
4.Purkinje Fibers
-walls of myocardium and ventricles
-15 to 40 BM=PM
-SA node is pacemaker for entire heart
-AV node delay is only point of contact between atria and ventricles; it holds
message so atrial tissue has time for systole
-ectopic foci= abnormal HR due to lifestyle choices/stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-events in one complete heartbeat
-systole=wringing/emptying
-diastole=relaxed/filling
Atria:
Diastole Systole Diastole
(filling 100%) (empyting 0.1s) (fill)
Ventricles:
Diastole Diastole Systole
(filling 80%) (filling 20%) (empty 0.4s)
*heart spends more time in diastole |
|
|
Term
| AP in contractile cardiac tissue |
|
Definition
1.Rapid Depolarization (Rapid Na+ influx)
2.Long plateau at peak potential (slow Ca2+ influx)
3.Repolarization (K+ efflux)
-long duration b/c plateau time (250m/sec) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-whole time of plateau
-prevents initiation of second AP until resting potential is stored
-no Tetanus possible b/c no temporal summation |
|
|
Term
| Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) |
|
Definition
1.P wave= SA node fires & atrial depolarization
2.PR interval= internodal delay
3.QRS= ventricles depolarize & atrial repolarization
4.ST segment=ventricles contracting/emptying
5.T Wave= ventricles repolarize
6.TP interval=ventricles relaxed/filling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-trachycardia= fast HR over 100 BPM
-brachycardia= slow HR under 60 BPM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-turbulent flow at abnormal times in cardiac cycle
-narrow/stenotic valve=whistle b/c doesnt open completely and blood is forced through
-insufficient/leaky valve=gurgle b/c doesnt close completely and forces blood backwards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Left Atrium
Bicuspid
Left Ventricle
Aortic Semilunar
Aorta
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar
Pulmonary Arteries
Lungs
Pulmonary Veins |
|
|
