Term
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Definition
- extends from Foramen Magnum to the level of the disk betweenL1/L2 vertebrae
- provides nervous pathways for nerve impulses between thePeripheral Nervous System and the Brain
- provides simple integrative functions (reflexes)
- 31 pair of spinal nerves come off of the cord to exitthrough the intervertebral foramen |
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Term
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Definition
- outer most layer
- anchors the meninges with in the spinal canal
- Epidural Space = lies outside the Dura that is filledwith fat and other connective tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| lies outside the Dura that is filledwith fat and other connective tissues |
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Term
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Definition
- middle layer
- Subdural Space = lies outside of the arachnoid mater,contains interstitial fluid (lymph) |
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Term
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Definition
- covers the surface of the Brain and Spinal Cord
- Subarachnoid Space = lies outside of the Pia, containsCerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) |
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Term
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Definition
| lies outside of the arachnoid mater,contains interstitial fluid (lymph) |
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Term
Fluid (CSF)
- Denticulate ligaments = |
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Definition
| thickened Pia Mater thatprojects laterally to fuse with the Dura Mater, actsas a shock absorber |
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Term
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Definition
- located between C4 and T1 vertebrae
- supplies nerves to the upper extremities |
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Term
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Definition
- located between T9 and T12 vertebrae
- supplies nerves to the lower extremities |
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Term
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Definition
- located between L1 and L2 vertebrae
- the end of the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
- a fibrous band of Pia that extends from the Conus Medullaristo the Coccyx
- anchors the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| - contains the nerves that leave the spinal cord then runinferiorly to exit from lower Intervertebral foramen |
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Term
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Definition
- is mostly white matter (myelinated fibers) providing nerveimpulse transmission to and from the Brain
- contains Posterior, Lateral and Anterior Columns
- Anterior Median Fissure
- Posterior Median Sulcus |
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Term
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Definition
- contains gray matter (non-myelinated neurons)
- provides integrative functions
- contains the Anterior and Posterior Horns
- Gray Commissure and Central Canal (filled with CSF) |
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Term
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Definition
- made up of sensory neurons
- enters into the Posterior Horns |
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Term
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Definition
contains the cell body's of thesensory neurons
Ganglion = a group of neuron cell bodies located outside theCNS |
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Term
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Definition
- made up of motor neurons
- exits from the Anterior Horns |
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Term
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Definition
| - combination of Dorsal and Ventral Roots (a mixed nerve) thatcome together in the intervertebral foramen |
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Term
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Definition
| - located in the Columns of the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| a bundle of nerve axons in the CNS (as opposed to anerve which is located outside the CNS) |
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Term
| Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic Tracts |
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Definition
| - convey nerve impulses assoc. with pain, temperature change, deep pressure, |
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Term
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Definition
| - convey nerve impulses assoc. with proprioception (positionsense), discriminitive touch, two point discrimination,light pressure, vibration |
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Term
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Definition
| a fast, involuntary, unplanned sequence of actionsthat occur in response to a particular stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| - the pathway followed by nerve impulses that produce a reflex |
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Term
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Definition
| - a structure that responds to a specific stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| - carrys the nerve impulse to the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| - located in the gray matter |
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Term
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Definition
a. Sensory Receptor
b. Sensory Neuron
c. Integrating Center
d. Motor Neuron
e. Effector |
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Term
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Definition
- simplest type
- the sensory neuron synapses directly with themotor neuron |
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Term
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Definition
- assoc. with two or more synapses
- assoc. with Interneuron (a neuron located in thespinal cord) involvement |
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Term
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Definition
| - carrys the nerve impulse away from the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
- the body part that responds to the nerve impulse
- ex. muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| - causes contraction of skeletal muscle in response tostretching of the muscle |
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Term
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Definition
- the sensory impulse enters the spinal cord on the same sidethat the motor impulse will leave (a monosynaptic reflex)
- ex. a stretch reflex |
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Term
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Definition
- this prevents conflict between opposing muscles
- while the agonist contracts the antagonist is inhibited |
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Term
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Definition
| - leads to muscle relaxation when the stretch on tendons maylead to damage |
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Term
| Flexor (Withdrawal) Reflex |
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Definition
| - assoc. with withdrawal from a negative (painful) stimulus |
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Term
| Intersegmental Reflex Arc |
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Definition
| - the sensory impulse enters the spinal cord then ascends ordescends in the cord |
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Term
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Definition
| - assoc. with extension of joints on one side of the bodywhile the flexors are contracting in the contralateralmuscle |
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Term
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Definition
| - nerve impulses enter the cord, cross over in the GrayCommissure, then exit on the opposite side of the cord |
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Term
1. Endoneurium
2. Perineurium
3. Epineurium |
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Definition
1. - surrounds individual nerve fibers
2. - surrounds bundles of nerve fibers
- Fascicle = bundle of nerve fibers
3. - surrounds a group of fascicles = Nerve
- this layer is continuous with the Dura Mater of the spinalcord |
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Term
1. Endoneurium
2. Perineurium
3. Epineurium |
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Definition
1. - surrounds individual nerve fibers
2. - surrounds bundles of nerve fibers
- Fascicle = bundle of nerve fibers
3. - surrounds a group of fascicles = Nerve
- this layer is continuous with the Dura Mater of the spinalcord |
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Term
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Definition
| - innervates deep muscles and skin of the dorsal trunk |
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Term
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Definition
| - innervates limb muscles, and skin of the extremitiesand the remaining trunk |
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Term
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Definition
| - innervates limb muscles, and skin of the extremitiesand the remaining trunk |
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Term
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Definition
| - reenters the spinal cord to supply innervation tospinal cord structures |
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Term
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Definition
| - Autonomic Nervous System innervation |
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Term
| Branch = Ramus (pl. Rami) |
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Definition
| - the spinal nerves divide into branches after leaving the Intervertebral Foramen |
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Term
Branch = Ramus (pl. Rami)
parts: |
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Definition
Dorsal Ramus
- innervates deep muscles and skin of the dorsal trunk
b. Ventral Ramus
- innervates limb muscles, and skin of the extremitiesand the remaining trunk
c. Meningeal Branch
- reenters the spinal cord to supply innervation tospinal cord structures
d. Rami Communicantes
- Autonomic Nervous System innervation |
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Term
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Definition
- a network of nerves
- ventral rami |
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Term
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Definition
a. Cervical Plexus (C1 - C5)
- the Phrenic Nerve (C3 - C5) which innervates theDiaphragm
b. Brachial Plexus (C5 - T1)
- supplies innervation to the shoulder and upper limb
c. Lumbar Plexus (L1 - L4)
- supplies part of the abdominal walls, externalgenitalia, and part of the proximal lower limb
d. Sacral Plexus (L4 - S4)
- supplies innervation to the lower limb
- Sciatic Nerve (L4 - S3) = largest nerve in the bodywhich is made up of two separate nerves (Tibial andCommon Fibular) |
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Term
| Cervical Plexus (C1 - C5) |
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Definition
| - the Phrenic Nerve (C3 - C5) which innervates theDiaphragm |
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Term
| Brachial Plexus (C5 - T1) |
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Definition
| - supplies innervation to the shoulder and upper limb |
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Term
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Definition
| - supplies part of the abdominal walls, externalgenitalia, and part of the proximal lower limb |
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Term
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Definition
| - supplies innervation to the lower limb |
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Term
| Sciatic Nerve (L4 - S3) = |
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Definition
| largest nerve in the bodywhich is made up of two separate nerves (Tibial andCommon Fibular) |
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Term
| Sciatic Nerve (L4 - S3) = |
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Definition
| largest nerve in the bodywhich is made up of two separate nerves (Tibial andCommon Fibular) |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the Sciatic Nerve
- pain may follow the nerve all the way down thefoot |
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Term
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Definition
- ventral rami
- innervate the intercostal spaces |
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Term
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Definition
| - the area of the skin that provides sensory input through onepair of spinal nerves or Cranial nerve 5 |
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Term
| Shingles "Singles with Shingles" |
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Definition
- an infection caused by the Herpes Zoster virus
- this virus also causes Chicken Pox
- this virus remains dormant in the Dorsal Root Ganglion
- can cause skin eruptions along the infected nerve
- lesions are acutely painful |
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Term
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Definition
- caused by the Poliovirus
- causes fever, severe headaches and muscle aches, weakness
- can cause paralysis
- virus can destroy motor neuron cell bodys in the AnteriorHorn
- death associated with Respiratory or Heart failure
- the virus is often transmitted by fecal-oral contamination(and Yeah its just what you think!) |
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Term
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Definition
- inflammation of one or more nerves
- causes pain along the pathway of the involved nerves
- ex. Sciatica = neuritis of the Sciatic nerve |
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Term
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) |
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Definition
- "Lou Gehrig's Disease"
- disease that effect nerve cell bodies in the Anterior Hornand Brain (i.e. motor neurons)
- leads to progressive muscle degeneration
- person often retains most of their sensory stimulus
- often begins in mid-life
- a chronic, progressive disease |
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